Sharpe, Tanya Telfair. <b>BEHIND THE EIGHT BALL: SEX FOR CRACK COCAINE EXCHANGE AND POOR BLACK WOMEN</b>
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Sharpe, Tanya Telfair. BEHIND THE EIGHT BALL: SEX FOR CRACK COCAINE EXCHANGE AND POOR BLACK WOMEN. Binghamton, New York: The Haworth Press, 2005. $24.95.Summer 1992, Tanya Telfair Sharpe first interviewed female users of heroin, cocaine powder and crack cocaine. Sharpe notes: it became immediately apparent the poor black female crack users experienced the worst forms of social degradation and received the fewest opportunities for help [I]. Her critical text, Behind the Eight Ball: Sex for Crack Cocaine Exchange and Poor Black Women, illuminates tragic human decay and family disruption among poor black women, and identifies policies of race, class and gender that effectively created the separate, isolated ethnic neighborhoods that have become ideal breeding grounds for the contemporary, cottage of crack cocaine.In the world Sharpe describes, crack-induced paranoia, desperation and urgency take precedence over bathing, eating, sleeping, safe sex and childcare. This cottage of crack cocaine, Sharpe notes, exists in the shadows of mainstream U.S. culture, that has affirmed skin color [i.e. race] as a marker of social, and emotional capability. Consequently, in the seventies and eighties, when scholars like Charles Murray [1984] and others emphasized that the problems of the poor in the U.S. were due to intellectual and cultural inferiority [11], the framework for class exploitation was validated. Legislative responses have consistently eliminated or scaled-down programs that addressed the needs of a growing underclass.In 1996, Temporary Assistance to Needy Families [TANF] replaced Aid to Families with Dependent Children [AFDC]. Under the new social program, educational and childcare opportunities for welfare recipients were eliminated as the legislation mandated unpaid labor for women whose youngest child was over age one, after twenty-four months of assistance. In short, legislation insures that the poor remain poor in the United States and cultivates an environment that attitudinally and structurally facilitates poverty.Behind the Eight Ball illuminates the infrastructure of the crack cocaine industry in Atlanta, GA among poor black women. The crack-addicted women trade sex for crack, fall victim to unwanted pregnancies, HIV/AIDS infection, prostitution and violence and disrupt an already distressed, poor community. Sharpe found that sex-for-crack exchange pregnancies were often carried to term because of a deeply held religious belief that babies are gifts from God. Nevertheless, Sharpe relates how an informant was so driven by crack addiction that not even labor served as a deterrent: Using crack cocaine up to the very point of delivery was one of the most startling findings of this research [176].Unplanned, sex-for-crack pregnancies have had a startling long-term impact on extended family networks, often cited as a measure of resilience among African Americans. …
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,003 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,002 | 0,004 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,004 | 0,004 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,257 | 0,084 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».