Understanding Waterflood Response in Tight Oil Formations: A Saskatchewan Case Study
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 171671, “Understanding Waterflood Response in Tight Oil Formations: A Case Study of the Lower Shaunavon,” by Adrian Thomas, SPE, Anjani Kumar, SPE, and Kenny Rodrigues, SPE, Computer Modelling Group, and Ryan Sinclair, SPE, Colin Lackie, Angela Galipeault, and Mike Blair, Crescent Point Energy, prepared for the 2014 SPE/CSUR Unconventional Resources Conference—Canada, Calgary, 30 September–2 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed. An 18-well numerical-simulation model was built to represent an operator’s Lower Shaunavon waterfloodpilot area. Numerical simulation was used, and a history match on the pilot area was performed. By use of parameters obtained from the history match, a representative model was built and a sensitivity study was performed on hydraulic-fracture spacing and well spacing in both primary-depletion and waterflood scenarios. Modeling-Work-Flow Description The Shaunavon is partitioned into lower and upper members. The lower member is an authigenic carbonate shelf, while the upper member has a strong clastic influence from the west. Oil is trapped hydrodynamically; the oil fairway crosses both stratigraphic and structural trends. The Lower Shaunavon is divided into four intervals in the study area. The lowest interval is a calcareous cryptocrystalline mudstone. Sitting above this interval is the B Marker, which is a slightly more energetic environment. The A Marker marks a regressive lag as a result of a sea-level drop. It consists of wackestone to some packstone rock and is bounded above and below by mudstones. The uppermost interval represents a high-energy environment. A geological model was developed for the lower Shaunavon pilot area on the basis of well logs, petrophysical data, and surface maps. The model was developed further into a dynamic simulation model by incorporating pressure/volume/temperature data, relative permeability, well trajectory, well completion, and historical well-production and -injection information for all wells located within the pilot area. A history match was performed on a single-well submodel to obtain improved values of reservoir hydraulic-fracture properties in the surrounding region. These values were applied to the full pilot area, and the model was simulated in an attempt to achieve a history match. Once the pilot area was history matched, forecast runs of an additional 50 years were performed to gauge future production along with future drilling scenarios. By use of the properties obtained through history matching, a new generalized model was built and different forecast scenarios were run to determine well spacing under both primary depletion and waterflood. For a discussion of reservoir-parameter selection and simulation-model setup, please see the complete paper.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».