Greening the Highways: Out-plant survival and growth of deciduous trees in stressful environments.
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Greening the highways is a series of mass out-plantings, studying long-term survival and growth of transplanted deciduous trees in urban highway right-of-way (ROW) environments in relation to species, site and production techniques.This alternative landscape often appears underutilized and stressful; however, may contain valuable space for building the urban forest canopy and desired green infrastructure, which is often limited within built urban contexts.The research conducted is the first of its kind in North America, and is located in Ontario, Canada, and Ohio, United States.Studies conducted in Ohio looked at survival rates of Acer rubrum (Acer), Betula jacquemontii (Betula), Celtis occidentalis (Celtis), and Syringa reticulata (Syringa) and caliper and height growth of Celtis and Syringa.Ohio studies focused on understanding selected biological, chemical and physical soil property differences occurring between two sites and survival and growth in relation to two production techniques and physical soil properties.Production techniques included the addition of a hydrophilic polymer, Geohumus ® at 0, 0.5, 1, and 2% by container volume, and three growing environments; outside on a gravel pad, and in a flat and a peak retractable roof greenhouse (RRG).In Ontario at four ROW sites (Sites 1, 2, 5, and 6) species and site differences were evaluated for survival of nine species; Acer xfreemanii 'Autumn Blaze' (AFA), Acer pseudoplatanus (AP), Betula lenta (BL), Betula papyrifera (BP), Celtis occidentalis iii (CO), Gingko biloba (GB), Gleditsia triacanthos (GT), Quercus coccinea (QC), and Quercus robur (QRO), and caliper and height growth for four species; CO, GT, QC, and QRO.In Ohio, site 2 had 32.9% greater mean predicted probability of survival (PPS) than site 1, and Celtis and Syringa having higher PPS compared with Acer and Betula.Production environment did affect height growth prior to installation into the ROW; however, not after.Syringa caliper was positively effected by 0.5% Geohumus ® following installation; however, not before installation.At site 1 a significant decrease in PPS occurred after installation with a combination of 1% Geohumus ® and production in a Peak RRG, and no other significant Geohumus ® effect occurred.Soil properties at the sites in Ohio varied by site and depth.Greater correlations were found between physical soil properties and Celtis and Syringa survival rates compared with Acer and Betula.Survival at site 1 increased with increased bulk densities, whereas no correlations for survival were seen at site 2 and is thought to be related to soil texture and water holding capacity.All species had significant survival correlations with sand silt and clay, likewise caliper and height growth of Celtis and Syringa caliper were effected by soil particle size and gravel content.In Ontario sites 5 and 6 had greater survival compared to sites 1 and 2; however, sites 2 and 5 had better growth than 1 and 6.GT, CO, and QRO had greater than 50%, and BL had less than 50% PPS in all four sites other species varied by site.Above and below ground micro-site conditions and installation size may offer reasoning for differences between species and sites.To those who introduced me to my favorite tree A.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».