Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Sir, The green discolouration of plasma frequently results in the plasma units being discarded or removed from the donor pool for commercial use, purely based on its appearance.[1] The suitability of green plasma for transfusion is questioned by many clinicians. We report two cases of green discolouration of plasma; one from a 31 years woman and another from a 28 years woman. The donors had no medical problems and met all the criteria for blood donation. As the plasma was returned to the blood bank for disposal due to green colour, we decided to review the aetiology and transfusion implications of the plasma. The plasma sample was sent for culture and was reported as sterile. The bilirubin level (total, direct and indirect) was normal. When we contacted the donors telephonically, a history of oral contraceptive pill intake was revealed. The yellow colour of plasma is due to the presence of the yellow pigments bilirubin, carotenoids, haemoglobin and iron transferrin. Tovey and Lathe reported green plasma in young women on contraceptive pills and were able to confirm elevated ceruloplasmin levels in the green plasma units in their study.[2] Wolf et al.[3] reported that elevated ceruloplasmin levels are found after oestrogen administration in female donors, who were taking oral contraceptives. The rise in ceruloplasmin in women on oral contraceptives is probably due to the oestrogen components, ethinyloestradiol or mestranol. Both of these produce a similar effect. The other causes of discolouration of plasma units are Gram-negative cryophilic contaminants such as the Pseudomonas species[2] and green pigmentation of plasma in rheumatoid arthritis[4] and use of medications including sulphonamides.[5] Cotton et al.[6] evaluated the haemostatic potential and capacity of green plasma compared to standard colour plasma. This study revealed that plasma from female donors that has a green colour had a more hypercoagulable thromboelastogram profile for all values (r-value, k-time, angle, mA) when compared to standard plasma. Differences were also observed with coagulation factor levels comparison, with green plasma having higher levels than standard (Factor II, Factor VII, Factor IX, Factor, Factor XI). Using automated thrombogram, green plasma had higher lag time and increased endogenous thrombin potential. As per the Canadian blood services[7] the transfusion of green colour plasma due to oral contraceptives have been found to be safe and acceptable. To assess the transfusion implications of this plasma, the possible causes of green discolouration were investigated, i.e., culture, history of medication including sulphonamides and history of illness including joint pains. The ceruloplasmin levels could not be measured in the plasma at our blood bank due to cost constraints. All except the history of oral contraceptive intake was negative. However, as per the institute policy, these were discarded. We recommend that there should be national guidelines regarding the use of discoloured plasma so as to maintain uniformity in transfusion practices. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».