An examination of opportunities for small non-community drinking water systems to improve drinking water safety
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Waterborne diseases are among the world’s most significant yet largely preventable public health issues. A large number of waterborne disease outbreaks in developed countries are attributed to water from small, non-municipal water systems (SDWSs). This thesis is an investigation of the challenges and opportunities to improve the safety of the water supply in SDWSs, with a focus on systems located in Ontario. This thesis utilized data from a systematic review, SDWS data from Ontario, a cross sectional survey of SDWS operators and focus groups of public health inspectors. These data were used to (1) summarize factors contributing to SDWS outbreaks (2) investigate the relationships between certain key characteristics of SDWSs and the performance of these systems, and (3) explore the experience and future training needs of SWDS operators and public health inspectors in Ontario. This research found the leading causes of outbreaks in SDWSs were the failure of an existing water treatment system (22.7%) and lack of water treatment (20.2%). In Ontario, 66% of water operators were not trained and 16% had one year or less experience. Thirty four percent of systems utilized water treatment and 45% operated on a seasonal basis. The odds of having a positive E. coli test result were greater in systems using ground and surface water with treatment compared to ground water with no treatment (apparently indicating the failure of an existing water treatment system). Operators had a preference for online training courses or on-site training. SDWS inspectors reported needing support in the form of education initiatives and a community of practice to promote knowledge exchange. Main concerns to water safety were the technical ability of the water operator and having a long time period between inspections of water systems. \nThe findings of this research help identify opportunities to target training to specific groups of operators. There is a need to further explore the effectiveness of water treatment and other water protection measures currently in place in SDWSs in Ontario. Future research is needed to explore the cost-benefit of increasing inspection frequency and to explore a variety of education initiatives for inspectors and operators of SDWSs.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».