Measurements, Modeling, and Analysis of Ammonia Flux from Hog Waste Treatment Technologies
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Gaseous ammonia has a relatively short residence time in the atmosphere, depositing quickly back to the earth's surface. Excessive ammonia deposition can enhance environmental processes such as eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems. Atmospheric ammonia that does not deposit quickly combines with acidic species, such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and hydrochloric acid, to form ammonium aerosols. Ammonium aerosol has a longer residence time in the atmosphere and therefore travels farther distances from the source than gaseous ammonia does. Eventually, ammonium aerosol undergoes deposition, also affecting the earth's ecosystems. Domestic animal waste comprises the largest global source of atmospheric ammonia.\n\nAmmonia emissions from agricultural operations have recently attracted attention in the state of North Carolina due to the rapid expansion of the state's swine industry over the past decade. In order to assess the potential effects of enhanced ammonia emission due to the large hog population, quantitative measurements of ammonia emissions from commercial swine operations must be made. Traditionally, hog operations utilize waste treatment lagoon and spray field technology for waste management. \n\nThis study includes ammonia flux measurements from three farms with potential environmentally superior waste treatment technologies. These experimental technologies potentially produce lower ammonia emissions than the traditional waste management technology does. Field measurements are conducted over liquid waste surfaces, cropland soil surfaces, the surface of a covered waste treatment lagoon, and from a hog housing unit that contains a belt removal system for waste. The measured ammonia emissions from the liquid waste surfaces have been parameterized by a multivariate physical and chemical model.\n\nA coupled mass transfer with chemical reactions model predicts ammonia flux across a gas-liquid interface, such as an air-waste lagoon interface. Ammonia flux measurements made from the liquid waste components of experimental waste management systems and from traditional hog waste treatment lagoons validate the mechanistic model. A comparison between modeled and measured ammonia emissions demonstrates the strengths and weaknesses of both the mechanistic model and the field measurement system. Analysis of the measured and modeled ammonia fluxes with respect to environmental parameters reveals discrepancies between the two methods of quantification. This study strives to quantify ammonia flux from experimental and traditional hog waste treatment technologies via a combination of modeling and measurements in order to develop agricultural ammonia emission factors and to assess the extent of enhanced atmospheric ammonia loading due to hog operations in North Carolina.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».