Electric utility deregulation: failure or success
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Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The electric utilities approach for restructuring the power market determines the failure or success of electric utility deregulation. It will cost billions of dollars, if restructuring is not done properly. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Order 2000 endorses competitive power markets, and price signals for the purpose of managing electricity grid congestion and achieving reliability. In a deregulated competitive electricity market, companies have to pay for the reactive power losses out of the revenues they earn. If the investors are reimbursed for reliability, there might be more investments. California deregulated in 1998 but the deregulated market was not structured efficiently and allowed some companies to manipulate the market by sending the power out of California and then reselling it back into the state. The utilities were not allowed long-term contracts and were required to sell many of their existing plants. California's experience is unique; in fact, when done well, the success stories in Pennsylvania, Ohio, Texas, England, and Japan show the benefit to both consumers and sellers from electric utility deregulation. Deregulation has been successful in New York, Virginia, and Ontario by protecting the customers from price volatility by price caps. By definition, price caps are not effective in a deregulated market, however, a price cap (i.e., a little regulation) to protect consumers in the transition period to deregulation is good. The price caps can be removed at a later date when the deregulated industry has matured like the power market in New Jersey. Circumstances like the August 14th, 2003 blackout in the northeast of the United States (not caused by deregulation) brought industry uncertainty to investors and consumers. Under deregulation, dispersed power generation (such as co-generation, biomass, microturbines, solar photovoltaic cells, wind turbines, fuel cells, geothermal, and diesel generators) is being promoted vigorously and more prominence is being put in the ancillary services and FACTS devices because of shortage of transmission lines in a deregulated power market. One of the results of economic deregulation of the electric power industry has been the development of a market for advanced nuclear power plants that will be cheaper to build and cheaper to run. In conclusion, by implementing a limited price control, the electric utility deregulation can be successful.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle