0063 Variability in feeding behavior between individual dairy cows fed under different levels of competition
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of differing levels of competition for feed access on group-housed dairy cows and on the variation in feeding behavior between individuals within the group. We hypothesized that, as competition increases, (1) cows will consume feed faster and in larger meals, and (2) individuals within the group will experience greater variability in feed consumption patterns. Eighteen lactating Holstein dairy cows with average DIM of 77 ± 20 d and production of 46 ± 7 kg/d at the start of the trial, were divided into groups of three, and fed three times per day. Groups were exposed to each of three competition levels: high (3 cows: 1 feed bin), moderate (3 cows: 2 feed bins), and low (3 cows: 3 feed bins). Treatments were assigned in random order according to a modified Latin Square design and applied for 10 d. DMI and feeding behavior (feeding time, feeding rate, and meal patterns) for each cow were recorded using an automated feed intake system on d 6 to 10 of each period. Data were summarized by group and treatment period, and analyzed in a general linear mixed model. DMI (29.1 kg/d) was found to be similar (P = 0.63) across treatments. Increased competition resulted in a reduction in feeding time (low = 202.6, moderate = 194.9, high = 83.6 min/d; SED = 4.49; P = 0.015), especially following fresh feed delivery and milking. Rate of feed intake increased with greater competition (low = 0.16; moderate = 0.18; high = 0.20 kg DM/min; SED = 0.01; P = 0.01). Meal frequency (8 meals/d) and size (4.0 kg DM/meal) were unaffected by treatment (P > 0.40), while meal length increased under high competition (low = 37.0; moderate = 36.6; high = 47.3 min/meal; SED = 3.7; P = 0.046). This was due to greater within-meal nonfeeding time, which at the high competition level, was approximately double that of the other treatment levels (low = 10.0; moderate = 10.8; high = 20.3 min/meal; SED = 2.3; P = 0.008). Analysis of individual within group variability, calculated as the daily SD of each group averaged across d 6 to 10, revealed treatment differences in variability of meal length (low = 12.0; moderate = 13.9; high = 29.0 min/meal; SED = 5.56; P = 0.04) and within-meal nonfeeding time (low = 6.4; moderate = 8.3; high = 21.5 min/meal; SED = 4.57; P = 0.03). These results suggest that at elevated competition levels, cows modify their feeding behavior to consume more feed in a shorter period of time and devote a large portion of their meal time toward waiting to gain feed access. Further, there is greater variability in meal patterns within groups at higher levels of competition for feed access.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».