0133 Feasibility and safety of nitric oxide releasing solution as a treatment for bovine mastitis
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Nitric oxide releasing solution (NORS) is a liquid formulation that releases nitric oxide (NO). NO is a broad, nonspecies-specific nonmicrobial nanomolecule, endogenously produced during the innate response in mammals. The objective of this study was to explore the feasibility of NORS as a potential treatment for bovine mastitis (BM). Two common pathogens found in BM (106 CFU/mL of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) were added to raw milk from healthy cows, as an in vitro model, to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of NORS at different concentrations (100–400 mM) and at two different NORS:milk ratios (2:1 and 1:1). Next, 10 ex vivo samples of milk from dairy cows presenting with clinical mastitis were obtained and treated with NORS to confirm efficacy. A dose escalating safety study was then performed using three dairy cows, where 40 mL of increasing concentrations of NORS (50–400 mM) were infused into the teat. Nitrite and methemoglobin levels were measured 5, 30, and 460 min posttreatment and nitrites in milk were measured 8 and 24 h posttreatment. Nitrite was measured by chemiluminescence, while methemoglobin was measured using a CO-Oximeter. Results show that NORS could eradicate, in vitro, both bacteria, and was dilution and time dependent. In the 2:1 ratio, NORS significantly (P < 0.05) reduced bacterial concentration in milk both in vitro and ex vivo within 2 min, and had no detectable bacteria after 5 min of exposure. In the 1:1 ratio, a significant bacterial load reduction (P < 0.01) occurred within 10 min and no detectable bacteria within 20 to 30 min. In the safety study we found an increase in blood nitrites (P < 0.05) within 5 min of the NORS treatment at all concentrations. After 8 h, the blood values at all concentrations returned to baseline (P = 0.27). Blood methemoglobin changes were nominally increased in the 5 and 30 min samples post 400 mM NORS and no detectable change was seen after 8 h. Eight hours posttreatment, before the evening milking, milk nitrites were 18 times higher than baseline, while 24 h posttreatment nitrites returned to baseline level (P = 0.36). NORS was found to eradicate bacteria in milk and, clinically, the treatment was well tolerated. This suggests that NORS has a potential to be a safe and effective nonmicrobial treatment for BM and may allow salable milk during antimicrobial treatment of mastitis. Further, it would provide an alternative to antibiotics, thus contributing to the reduction of antibiotic drug resistance. Further studies are justified.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».