An Investigation into the Bioaccumulation of Chromium by Macroalgae
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Heavy metals in industrial effluents are of particular concern because of their ability to bioaccumulate in the food chain, making it possible for toxic levels to reach higher animals and plants. Chromium is widely used in processes such as leather tanning, electroplating, pigmentation and in corrosion inhibitors. Trivalent and hexavalent are the most common species used in industry, with hexavalent being widely understood to be the most toxic. It is important, therefore, to understand the mechanisms of how chromium and other metals accumulate in the environment. \nThe aim of this project was to investigate metal, and in particular chromium uptake, by live seaweeds. This was done by characterising the seaweed (ICP-OES, Kjeldahl, FTIR), using the seaweed as a biomonitor, and looking at the surface morphology of the seaweed (AFM, SEM-EDX). A set of bioaccumulation experiments under many different conditions was carried out in order to determine the effect of seaweed species (Fucus vesiculosus, Palmaria palmata, Ulva lactuca), metal species (Cr(III) vs. Cr(VI)), season (May/June versus Feb/Mar), and temperature (7 ˚C vs. 16 ˚C) on metal uptake. To the author’s knowledge, this was the first study to look at bioaccumulation by live seaweed of these two chromium species. \nCharacterisation confirmed the presence of sulphate, carboxylate, amide, and phosphorus containing groups. Seasonal and inter-species differences in seaweed composition were also identified. \nA biomonitoring study, carried out on F. vesiculosus and A. nodosum sampled in Ireland and Newfoundland, showed that both seaweeds are suitable biomonitors. Metal contents reflected the levels of pollution which were likely to be present in the sampling areas. \nSurface microscopy showed that a biofilm was present on the surface of U. lactuca. A time course study on Cr(III) binding showed that the biofilm was disrupted and reduced as metal exposure continued. Further experiments using AFM, SEM-EDX and total viable surface counts did not show differences between blank and metal loaded seaweeds. This was likely to be because the experimental conditions were slightly different, with a lower final metal concentration. To the author’s knowledge, this was the first time the removal and disruption of a seaweed biofilm was shown by AFM, and the first time metal uptake in these three species was studied using AFM. \nThe following general trends were observed for Cr accumulation: U. lactuca>P. palmata>F. vesiculosus; Cr(III) > Cr(VI); 16 ˚C > 7 ˚C; Feb/Mar > May/Jun; intracellular uptake ~ 100%. Seasonal and inter-species differences were found to be attributable to difference in composition e.g. greater levels of P or N for a particular species, or a particular season. Greater binding at higher temperatures, could be because of greater cell membrane fluidity, increased metabolism and increased protein synthesis.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».