Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The effect of territory quality on the time and energy allocation of Oystercatchers was investigated on the island of Schiernonnikoog in the Dutch part of the Wadden Sea. Low quality leapfrog territories required a higher level of parental effort for successful reproduction than high quality resident territories. The time budgets of residents and leapfrogs differed slightly, the main difference occurring during the chick-rearing stage when leapfrogs spent on average 8.2% of the time available during low water in flight in order to transport food to the chicks, compared to only 2.9% in residents. In both residents and leapfrogs, inactivity (including preening) constituted a considerable part of the time budget, comprising almost 50% of the low water period during the pre-laying stage and decreasing to 23% during the incubation stage when each bird spent almost hat: the time on the clutch. Analysis of individual time budgets during the incubation stage revealed that time spent inactive must be considered 'surplus time' since this can be reallocated to foraging when the proportion of time devoted to incubation increased. Obligatory inactivity required less than 10% of the rime available during low water. The persistence of 'surplus' time during the chick-rearing stage suggests that parental effort is not constrained by a shortage of time. Energy expenditure, estimated from time-budgets, agreed well with energy consumption, calculated from observed food intake, and with measurements using doubly labelled water. It varied from 2.1 x BMR during the incubation stage to 2.7 x BMR during the chick-rearing stage. These values are much lower than the maximum energy expenditure reported for many other bird species during the reproductive cycle. During the chick-rearing stage, daily energy expenditure of leapfrogs was 6-7% higher than that of residents due to the additional costs involved in the transportation of food. Despite the fact that the reduced reproductive success of leapfrogs, as compared to that of residents, is mainly caused by the failure of the parents to provision their chicks with a sufficient amount of food, leapfrogs did not increase their parental effort to a considerable extent. This would fit the interpretation that long-living species like the Oystercatchers are reluctant to work very hard during one reproductive cycle.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 1,000 | 1,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; les deux têtes enseignantes s’accordent sur ce qui est montré ici.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».