Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry Characterization of Athabasca Oil Sand Process-Affected Waters Incubated in the Presence of Wetland Plants
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Naphthenic acid fraction compounds (NAFCs) are naturally present in the oil sand. These compounds become integrated into the oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) during the bitumen extraction process. NAFCs have been identified as causing toxicity in the OSPW to aquatic organisms. Water treatment technologies that are largely passive, such as constructed treatment wetlands, are a sought-after technology for the degradation of NAFCs in aquatic environments, partly because of their low energy intensity. However, it can be challenging to accurately assess the performance regarding decreased NAFC concentration and biodegradation characteristics in water samples that have been exposed to such systems. This is due to interferences of biological products such as fatty acids and humic-like materials, which may give false-positive information on NAFCs estimation with conventional analytical sample cleanup methods such as liquid–liquid extraction (LLE). It is recognized that this same issue exists when attempting to characterize NAFCs in natural wetlands for environmental monitoring purposes and, therefore, an analytical method that can remove background interferences in water samples is desirable on several fronts. Studies were thus conducted to develop and compare methods for NAFC isolation in an experimental wetland setting. A controlled greenhouse experiment was conducted with sedge ( Carex aquatilis ), bulrush ( Schoenoplectus acutus ), and cattail ( Typha latifolia ) grown in OSPW. Two methods—the Isolute Biotage ENV+ SPE method and a new weak anion exchange (WAX SPE)—were assessed for their ability to isolate, clean up, and concentrate NAFCs in OSPW and municipal tap water (control) that were exposed to samples of plants and associated microbes. Negative-ion-electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FT-ICR-MS) data revealed that WAX SPE method has better relative enhancement (5%–50%) of O 2 classes in OSPW exposed to wetland plants, compared to ENV+ SPE method. The WAX SPE method is a good candidate for the isolation of organic compounds in complex environmental matrices and supports the development of analytical protocols for isolation and characterization of NAFCs. Compound classes from negative-ion ESI-FT-ICR-MS data were further probed using principal component analysis (PCA) to evaluate the NAFCs that are potential indicators of efficiency of engineered wetlands for monitoring in future wetland studies. Given the PCA results, future wetland NAFC degradation investigations should target O 2 classes for detailed evaluation of the performance of treatment systems, or measurement of the fate and distributions of NAFCs in natural wetlands exposed to OSPW.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».