Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Crocker I, Bax M, eds. The Placenta and Neurodisability. 2nd ed. London, UK: Mac Keith Press; 2016 (172 pp). ISBN: 978-1898683445 This is a well-written book by internationally recognized authorities in the field. It displays state-of-the-art knowledge in placental pathology relevant to brain injury, clarifies misconceptions, and also emphasizes how much remains unknown about this topic and the need for further research to validate interpretations and evolve new concepts. Chapter 1 is a comprehensive review of the pathophysiology of lesions and histologic criteria to identify these pathologic lesions in the placenta. Different pathologic lesions corresponding to gestational age are related to increased risk of injury to the central nervous system (CNS). Most studies have shown that CNS injury is associated with multiple placental lesions (mixed pathology). Chapters 2 and 3 are devoted to the development of placental function during pregnancy. The pathophysiology of the complex system of nutrients that cross the placenta is reviewed, and the need is discussed for developing biomarkers to test placental structure and function in utero to improve diagnosis of complications in pregnancy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a promising tool to evaluate placental dysfunction. The regulation and signaling of hormones from maternal and placental sources in the development of the fetal brain at different stages of gestational age are discussed. Because the mechanisms for association of placental dysfunction with impaired fetal growth and neurologic disabilities are still unclear, further studies are needed to clarify the consequences of disrupted hormonal production in pregnancy and its subsequent impact on brain development. Chapter 4 reviews current knowledge about molecular mechanisms and complex physiologic concepts of the hemodynamics of vascular interactions between uteroplacental and fetoplacental blood flow at various gestational ages. Current methodology (U/S) to assess placental blood flow can be misleading; hence new methods are needed to clarify the impact of alterations in uteroplacental and fetoplacental blood flow during development. Chapter 5 discusses what is known about the complexities of the maternal immune system and secreted factors in creating placental tolerance and pregnancy maintenance. Chapter 6 reviews the fetal immune system during pregnancy and in response to pathogenetic stimuli directly and indirectly as a result of maternal inflammatory response. The consequences of inflammation in fetal life for both the immediate neonatal period and the long-term well-being of a child are also reviewed. Chapter 7 addresses fetal brain injury, particularly to white matter, as a consequence of ischemia in relation to defective placental circulation, including electrophysiologic (electroencephalogram [EEG]) and ultrasound imaging perspectives. Fetal MRI is not discussed and neuropathological studies are mentioned only briefly. Chapter 8 discusses imaging of the placenta in utero, mainly using ultrasound. Chapter 9 relates fetal growth and intrauterine growth restriction of the fetus to placental abnormalities and includes a discussion of clinical markers, such as lactate peaks by MR spectroscopy, for more precise prenatal diagnosis. Chapter 10 is a bit speculative in attempting to relate placental events to programming of brain development and later schizophrenia, but it presents some provocative evidence. Chapter 11 addresses a variety of therapeutic measures to minimize adverse influences on the fetus, including medications such as steroids and antibiotics, as well as temperature control and other physical factors. The final Chapter 12 is a summary statement and an attempt to identify promising areas of future research to solve the many pending problems and unanswered questions about placental impact on fetal growth and development. In general, the book is well organized, has an excellent list of both classic and current references accompanying each chapter, and is well illustrated. It is a valuable asset to pediatric pathologists, perinatologists, fetal neurologists, fetal radiologists, and others with an interest in fetal development, particularly from neurologic and pathologic perspectives.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,003 |
| Communication savante | 0,003 | 0,003 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,003 | 0,003 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,007 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».