Business/retail Geomatics: A Developing Field
Pourquoi ce travail est dans la base
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Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The Canadian Institute of Geomatics, which has as its prime objective the advance and development of geomatic sciences in Canada, defines geomatics in general terms as: ... a field of activities which, using a systematic approach, integrates all the means used to acquire and manage spatial data required as part of scientific, administrative, legal and technical operations involved in the process of the production and management of spatial information. The Institute, therefore, claims that geomatics is a field of activities, which involves the acquisition and management of spatial information. The means that the field uses to acquire and manage spatial data are not specified, but the definition places its purview firmly in the spatial arena. There is also a sense, in the phrase scientific, administrative, legal and technical operations that the range of applications may be limited to the scientific and technical spheres. This focus on science and technology, and the sense of a range of applications limited to the physical sphere, is reiterated by Geomatics Canada: Geomatics is the science and technology of gathering, analyzing, interpreting, distributing and using geographic information. Geomatics encompasses a broad range of disciplines that can be brought together to create a detailed but understandable picture of the physical world and our place in it. Geomatics Canada lists the disciplines, or branches of instruction, that are brought together as: surveying and mapping, remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS), and global positioning systems (GPS). The physical world is defined as embracing: the environment, land management and reform, development planning, infrastructure management, natural resource monitoring and development, and coastal zone management and mapping. Thus, geomatics includes: long-standing disciplines such as surveying and mapping, presumably along with geodesy; and, more recent interests such as remote sensing (which would include the more traditional photogrammetry), geographic information systems (or science), and new techniques in OPS (which lies broadly at the intellectual intersection of geodesy and navigation). Two features that each of these disciplines have in common are that: they are concerned with information that has spatial properties and can therefore be geo-referenced in some way, usually with global coordinates (latitude and longitude); and, their utility has undergone a renaissance since 1990 (Figure 1) due to the rapid development of computing and visualisation technologies (usually through stand-alone or networked PCs). Thus, disciplines that were once the interest of a mathematically and technically oriented few are now more accessible. With this greater accessibility, applications have become more widespread. Nowhere is this more evident than with GIS, as is indicated in Figure 1 concerning the growth of ESRI (one of the largest developers and distributors of GIS software) users worldwide. A geographic information system involves an organised integration of hardware, software, geo-referenced digital information, and visualisation technologies, to capture, store (usually in the form of relational databases), up-date, manipulate, analyse, and display (in 2D or 3D form) all forms of spatial information. Though most uses of GIS through-out the world are fairly routine -- the most common being for land registry systems and mapping -there is increasing emphasis on its application in strategic planning and decision-making (Goodchild 2000). The GEOIDE Network Hence, the focus of Canada's GEOIDE network is on the use of geomatics to inform decision-making. The GEOIDE initiative, headquartered at Universite Laval, was founded in 1998 with funding from the Federal Networks of Centres of Excellence (NCE) programme ($3 million per year) along with a number of public (Federal and Provincial) and private sector partners ($0. …
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle