Validation of an enzyme immunoassay and comparison of fecal cortisol metabolite levels in black and gold howler monkeys (<i>Alouatta caraya</i>) inhabiting fragmented and continuous areas of the humid Chaco region, Argentina
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
In the last years, the study of how environmental stimuli influence the physiology and specifically the endocrinology of an organism became increasingly important, relying mainly on the quantification of glucocorticoids to monitor animal welfare. Most studies investigating cortisol levels in primates were focused on the impact of social stressors; however, a major concern for the conservation of howler monkeys is the increased habitat fragmentation led by the advancement of the agricultural frontier. We compared fecal cortisol metabolite levels (FGCM) in howler monkeys ( Alouatta caraya ) living in fragmented and continuous forests of the Argentine humid Chaco region, throughout the warm season (spring‐summer). Fecal samples ( n = 114) were collected from adult individuals, and steroid extracts analyzed with an enzyme immunoassay also validated in this work. Parallel displacement curves were obtained between dilutions of pooled fecal extracts and the cortisol standard curve ( r 2 = 0.99; P = 0.23). Efficiency of the fecal extraction procedure was 79.4% ± 38%; recovery of exogenous hormone added to fecal extracts indicated a low interference of components in the feces with antibody binding. The exogenous administration of ACTH in captive‐bred animals demonstrated a “cause‐and‐effect” relationship between the adrenal gland activation and increased FGCM levels. Contrary to our initial prediction, we were not able to demonstrate a significant difference in FGCM levels of caraya monkeys inhabiting the continuous versus fragmented habitats in our study site (83.2 ± 4.9 ng/g [ n = 10 individuals] vs. 71.5 ± 4.9 ng/g [ n = 7 individuals]; P = 0.29); this could be the result of low levels of disturbance imposed by a moderate and selective logging, which has proved to be beneficial for this species with high resilience by adjusting their diet to cope with feeding in degraded habitats but with new leaves and buds. Regardless of the habitat, cortisol metabolites were significantly higher in females than in males (86.4 ± 4.2 ng/g [ n = 12 individuals] vs. 60.7 ± 5.0 ng/g [n = 5 individuals] respectively; P = 0.007). RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Validation of an enzyme immunoassay and comparison of fecal cortisol metabolite levels in black and gold howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) inhabiting fragmented and continuous areas of the humid Chaco region, Argentina. Contrary to our initial prediction, no significant differences in Alouatta caraya fecal cortisol metabolite levels were detected; cortisol metabolites were significantly higher in females. Probably, animals adjusted their diet to cope with feeding in degraded habitats, but with new leaves and buds.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».