Experimental investigations of low-temperature driven ejector for isobutane.
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The paper describes experimental and numerical investigation of ejection refrigeration system dedicated for short time storage of food products for local retail market, especially in rural areas. This work was sponsored by US Dept. of Agriculture under Phase I SBIR program. This novel method does not use electricity and is cleaner for the environment than other refrigeration techniques. One of the crucial problems of the retail market of perishable foodstuff is a lack of efficient and appropriate refrigerated storage capacity. The existing technology in most cases uses conventional refrigeration systems that consume a large amount of electricity, they are expensive as well as use harmful working substances (usually artificial GHG gases that have high greenhouse warming potential in comparison with most of the natural substances). In addition, ensuring required storage conditions in terms of the stability of the product temperature and humidity may be a challenge for most of the existing short time storage refrigerators.  Responding to these challenges we developed an ejector based refrigeration system that 1) utilizes solar or waste heat (below 100C temperature) as a main source of energy, 2) eliminates the mechanical compressor, which is a main user of electricity and the main contributor to maintenance and reliability issues in cooling systems and 3) operates without any ozone depletion effects and any greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, when used with natural refrigerants. Until recently, ejector use in refrigeration systems was considered as controversial because most of the research conducted in the past has yielded only theoretical results without visible, commercial products. The main issue was a relatively low value of coefficient of performance (COP) in comparison with classical compression systems. Selection of the working fluid for the refrigeration or air-conditioning system is the crucial problem because the system efficiency is strongly influenced by the thermodynamic properties of the refrigerant. We found that the maximum efficiency can be achieved with natural refrigerants, of which isobutane is by far the most favorable. However, primarily due to its flammable nature, isobutane is not currently allowed in commercial systems in USA and Canada although it has been used for many years in all domestic refrigerators in Germany and other EU countries where appropriate safety precautions and regulations were developed. For US market, we identified two other environmentally friendly equivalents to isobutane: R245fa and R1234ze both with zero ozone depletion potential. The research described here had overcome another limitation - a lack of appropriate methods for the design of ejector geometry. Such methodology was developed and tested in a variety of thermodynamic cycles for cooling, heating and heat pumps. The test stand and the experimental results of investigation for isobutane as a working fluid along with CFD modelling results are shown and discussed in the paper in details.Â
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».