Practical Data Mining and Artificial Neural Network Modeling for Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage Production Analysis
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Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Production forecast of steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) in heterogeneous reservoir is important for reservoir management and optimization of development strategies for oil sand operations. In this work, artificial intelligence (AI) approaches are employed as a complementary tool for production forecast and pattern recognition of highly nonlinear relationships between system variables. Field data from more than 2000 wells are extracted from various publicly available sources. It consists of petrophysical log measurements, production and injection profiles. Analysis of a raw dataset of this magnitude for SAGD reservoirs has not been published in the literature, although a previous study presented a much smaller dataset. This paper attempts to discuss and address a number of the challenges encountered. After a detailed exploratory data analysis, a refined dataset encompassing ten different SAGD operating fields with 153 complete well pairs is assembled for prediction model construction. Artificial neural network (ANN) is employed to facilitate the production performance analysis by calibrating the reservoir heterogeneities and operating constraints with production performance. The impact of extrapolation of the petrophysical parameters from the nearby vertical well is assessed. As a result, an additional input attribute is introduced to capture the uncertainty in extrapolation, while a new output attribute is incorporated as a quantitative measure of the process efficiency. Data-mining algorithms including principal components analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis are applied to improve prediction quality and model robustness by removing data correlation and by identifying internal structures among the dataset, which are novel extensions to the previous SAGD analysis study. Finally, statistical analysis is conducted to study the uncertainties in the final ANN predictions. The modeling results are demonstrated to be both reliable and acceptable. This paper demonstrates the combination of AI-based approaches and data-mining analysis can facilitate practical field data analysis, which is often prone to uncertainties, errors, biases, and noises, with high reliability and feasibility. Considering that many important system variables are typically unavailable in the public domain and, hence, are missing in the dataset, this work illustrates how practical AI approaches can be tailored to construct models capable of predicting SAGD recovery performance from only log-derived and operational variables. It also demonstrates the potential of AI models in assisting conventional SAGD analysis.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle