Notice bibliographique
Résumé
This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 169715, “Chemical EOR for Heavy Oil: The Canadian Experience,” by Eric Delamaide, SPE, IFP Technologies; Brigitte Bazin and David Rousseau, IFP Energies nouvelles; and Guillaume Degre, Solvay, prepared for the 2014 SPE EOR Conference at Oil and Gas West Asia, Muscat, Oman, 31 March–2 April. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Chemical enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) methods such as polymer and alkaline/surfactant/polymer (ASP) flooding are generally not considered suitable for oil viscosities greater than 100 or 200 cp. However, this perception is changing, in particular because of field results from a number of chemical EOR pilots or full-field floods conducted in Canada in higher viscosity oil. The aim of this paper is to review some of these projects. Introduction Canada is well-known for its heavy-oil and bitumen reserves. Most of the bitumen reserves are exploited using thermal methods, such as cyclic steam stimulation or steam-assisted gravity drainage, while heavy oil is exploited mostly using cold production methods, such as cold heavy-oil production with sand. Cold production leads to recovery of less than 10% of original oil in place (OOIP). Thermal methods are not always applicable, in particular when the pay is thin. In that case, alternatives such as chemical EOR are required to increase recovery. The two main chemical EOR processes are polymer and ASP flooding. In the past 10 years, several chemical-flooding projects have taken place in Canadian heavy-oil fields. The most successful of these is the Pelican Lake project, which is currently producing more than 60,000 B/D, much of it through polymer flooding. But other less-well-known projects such as the Taber South project, the Mooney project, and the Seal project are all interesting and worthy of discussion. For full descriptions of these fields, please see the complete paper. Projects Pelican Lake Polymer Flood. The Pelican Lake field is approximately 250 km north of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (Fig. 1). The recovery factor for primary production remained low even after the introduction of horizontal drilling. Thus, a first—unsuccessful—polymer flood was attempted in 1997, after which waterflood was also piloted. The waterflood managed to increase oil production but with high water cut. Thus, another polymer pilot was started in 2005. Polymer injection started in May 2005. The responses were excellent, with rates going from 18 to 232 BOPD in the first well, from 9 to 364 BOPD in the central well, and from 16 to 139 BOPD in the last well. The water cut increased slowly and moderately in all three wells. The operators estimate that polymer flooding will increase the recovery factor to 20 to 30% of OOIP.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».