Comparison of PKN, KGD, Pseudo3D, and Diffusivity Models for Hydraulic Fracturing of the Horn River Basin Shale Gas Formations Using Microseismic Data
Pourquoi ce travail est dans la base
Une base qui oublie comment elle a trouvé un travail ne peut pas être vérifiée. Voici les voies qui ont admis celui-ci.
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract We present a comparison of three different hydraulic fracture models as well as an anisotropic diffusivity model with the observed microseismic data from shale gas reservoirs in the Horn River Basin of Canada. We investigated the validity of these models in the prediction of hydraulic fracture geometries using tempo-spatial extension of microseismic data. In the study area, ten horizontal wells were drilled and hydraulically fractured in multiple stages in the Muskwa, Otter Park, and Evie shale gas formations in 2013. The treatments were monitored by downhole microseismic measurements. We integrated microseismic analyses, geomechanical information extracted from well logs, and fracturing treatment parameters performed in the area. We compared fracture geometry predicted by Perkins-Kern-Nordgren (PKN), Khristianovic-Geertsma-de Klerk (KGD), and a Pseudo-3D (P3D) fracturing models as well as an anisotropic diffusivity model with actual fracture geometries derived from microseismic records in more than one hundred fracturing stages. For the study area, we find that there are no barriers to hydraulic fracture vertical growth between the Muskwa, Otter Park and Evie shales. Therefore, the fracture height to length ratio is higher than unity in many stages. Large fracturing heights suggest that the PKN model might be more suitable for fracture modeling than the KGD model. However, our analyses show that the fracture length predicted by the KGD model is closer to, but still far less than the fracture length illustrated by microseismic events. Pseudo 3D model also predicts fracture lengths which are slightly larger than the modeled fracture lengths by the KGD and PKN equations and still significantly smaller than the microseismic fracture lengths. These differences are observed throughout all stages suggesting that these methods are not able to perfectly predict the hydraulic fracturing behavior in the study wellpad. Vertical extension of microseismic data with linear patterns into the Keg River formation below the shale formations suggests the presence of natural fractures in the study area. This study presents a distinctive insight into the complex hydraulic fracture modeling of shales in the Horn River basin and suggests that diffusivity mapping is a simple, but powerful tool for hydraulic fracture modeling in these formations. Observed microseismic fracture lengths are significantly higher than lengths predicted by the geomechanical models and closer to diffusivity models, which suggests the possibility of increasing well-spacing in future development using diffusivity equation for improving treatment design.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle