Overcoming Challenges of Stimulating a Deepwater Frac-Pack-Completed Well in the Gulf of Mexico Using Coiled Tubing with Real-Time Downhole Measurements
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Achieving effective fluid coverage of stimulation operations in deepwater frac-pack completions is often challenging due to a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, the length of screened intervals, the uncertainty of damage mechanisms, and the ability of diversion materials/fluids to divert beyond the screens and into the formation. This case study demonstrates a successful technique used in conditions not previously attempted. This treatment in a deepwater, frac-packed well with fiber-optic-equipped coiled tubing (CT) and a rotating, hydraulic high-pressure jetting tool achieved the successful stimulation of a 500-ft-long frac-packed zone after several previous failures using different techniques. By using a CT equipped with fiber optics and downhole measurement tools, engineers were able to perform a data-driven operation based on real-time bottomhole measurements and distributed temperature surveys. This successful treatment improved productivity by 75% compared to the well before treatment. Typically, treatments of this nature are investigated and techniques for a field or region are refined over the course of multiple stimulation operations of large numbers of similar wells in the area. However, in deep water, most fields have only a very small number of wells. The costs associated with gaining wellbore access to conduct an acid treatment and with handling produced stimulation fluids are very large compared with costs in other geographic areas. Each individual well has a high productivity, and improper stimulation is an enormously costly lost opportunity for the operator. This makes it very important to ensure that every job is performed as optimally as possible, without resort to iterative or empirical methods. This method increases the opportunity to produce a successful treatment the first time and expands the technical envelope of application. These enhancements should allow other operations of this type to be conducted that previously would have been too high risk to consider. This was a high-pressure application compared to previous operations. It was one of the longest fiber optic cables injected into a CT reel. Modifications were made to the CT reel to support the expanded weight. A stronger type of fiber optic carrier had to be utilized. A customized testing and validation procedure had to be used to extend the operating envelope of the fiber-optic-enabled downhole tools to perform reliably.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».