Driving behaviours near schools and child pedestrian-motor vehicle collisions in Toronto, Canada
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Background The burden of child pedestrian motor vehicle collisions remains high world-wide. Most of children's exposure to traffic is while walking to school with active school transportation being promoted as an important source of physical activity. Although dangerous driving behaviours have been reported extensively near schools, their relationship with child pedestrian-motor vehicle collisions (PMVC) has not been defined. The purpose of the study was to examine the correlation between dangerous driving behaviours and historical child PMVC near elementary schools in Toronto, Canada. Methods Police-reported child PMVC (ages 4–12) from 2000–2011 during school travel times were mapped within 200 m of 118 schools. Observers measured dangerous driving and numbers of children walking to school during morning drop-off on a single day in 2011. A composite score of school social disadvantage was obtained from the school board. Built environment features were mapped and included as covariates. Multivariate Poisson regression was used to model the rates of PMVCs and dangerous driving, adjusted for the built environment and social disadvantage. Results There were 45 child PMVCs with 29 (64%) sustaining minor injuries resulting in emergency department visits. Dangerous driving behaviours were observed in 104 schools (88%). Each additional dangerous driving behaviour was associated with a 45% increase in collision rates (IRR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.02, 2.07). Higher speed roads (IRR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.13, 1.44) and social disadvantage (IRR = 2.99, 95% CI 1.03, 8.68) were associated with higher collision rates. Conclusions Dangerous driving was correlated with historical non-fatal child PMVC rates near schools with the most common behaviours related to unsafe parking and drop-offs. The results have important public health implications and have had impacts on City of Toronto and school board policies related to safe walking to school Key messages Dangerous driving behaviours were correlated with historical child pedestrian collisions near schools during school travel times controlling for higher speed roads and school social disadvantage Targeted multifaceted interventions must be developed to address dangerous driving behaviours to reduce child pedestrian collisions and promote safe walking to school
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,005 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,003 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,002 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,004 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».