FRUIT FIRMNESS AND FRUIT RETENTION STRENGTH IN RASPBERRY CULTIVARS IN CHILE
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Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Raspberries have a short shelf life, which limits their fresh market potential. Fruit firmness is one of the most important characteristics for a fresh market cultivar, which is related to both the stage of maturity and the variety itself. Fruit retention strength define as the tension force needed to remove the receptacle from the fruit, decreases as fruit mature, and it is also cultivar dependent. The objectives of this work were to evaluate fruit firmness and fruit retention strength in 14 raspberry cultivars in Chile, and also to examine some morphological changes that occur during the fresh-frozen-thaw cycles fruits at the cellular level. To do these fresh berries were harvested at 3 different maturity stages: pink-red, red-ripe and over-ripe (processing ripe). Fruit firmness was measured using a Texture Expert TA-XT2 with a 2 mm embol. Fruit strength was measured with an adaptation of a Dindometer, an instrument that registers the tension force needed to remove the receptacle from the fruit. Electron microscopy was used to examine changes at cellular level between fresh and freeze-thaw berries in three cultivars. We found that in all 14 cultivars fruit firmness decreased with maturity. The largest differences in fruit firmness among cultivars were established at early stages of maturity. The firmest cultivar at pink-red stage was 'Chilliwack' (1.23 N), followed by 'Tulameen' (0.91 N), 'Heritage' (0.73 N) and 'Skeena' (0.68 N). 'Autumn Bliss' was the softest cultivar (0.24 N). Fruit strength also decreased as fruit matured in all 14 cultivars. In this case larger differences among them were also established at pink-red stage. 'Amity' (6.9 N) and 'Fallgold' (6.22 N) required higher amounts of force to remove the receptacle, producing in many cases broken fruits with missing drupelets. 'Yellow Meeker' (1.61 N) and 'Heritage' (2.12 N) had the lowest retention force, and therefore are the easiest cultivars to pick at early stages of maturity. Cellular dehydration was observed in 'Tulameen' after a freeze-thaw cycle. 'Heritage' showed cell dehydration and partial damaged on its epidermis. In 'Amity' a general plasmolysis was observed after a freeze-thaw cycle. Fruit firmness was not necessarily associated with morphological changes of individually quick frozen (IQF) berries. There are probably some physical characteristics of the epidermis of the fruit in the different cultivars that make some cultivars more susceptible to damage during the freeze-thaw process.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle