Nutritional Restriction Prior to Conception in the Sow Alters Embryonic Development and Candidate Gene Expression in the Placenta and Endometrium.
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The extent to which maternal nutrition alters placental and fetal development through epigenetic mechanisms, is still uncertain. In an established experimental model using the catabolic primiparous sow, feed restriction during lactation affects embryonic survival and development during the subsequent gestation. In a continuation of these studies, primiparous sows (n=34) were either fully fed (Control:C) or restricted to 60% of voluntary feed intake (Restrict:R) during the third week of a 21-d lactation and re-bred after weaning. Sows were euthanized at d 30 of gestation and reproductive and litter characteristics were recorded. Embryos and placentae (n=488 of each) were collected for each sow, and a sample of endometrium (n=68) was taken from the left and right horn from each sow, frozen immediately in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80°C. Total RNA was extracted from placental, endometrial and embryonic samples collected, DNAse-treated, reverse transcribed, and real-time PCR was used to determine transcript abundance of candidate genes involved in regulating endometrial and placental vascularity and embryonic muscle development. The relative deltaCt values were calculated using cyclophilin as an internal control, and data were analyzed using mixed models analysis with treatment and sex of embryo as independent variables and sow as a random variable. There were no differences in ovulation rate, embryonic survival or number of embryos in utero between C and R sows. However, litter sex ratio was different with more males in the R sows (P<0.05) and embryo weight was reduced (P<0.05) in R compared to C sows. Embryo weight and litter sex ratio were also related to sow weight loss in the previous lactation. When genes regulating vascular development were considered, FGF2 and VEGFA mRNA expression was lower in the endometrium, while ANGPT2 was lower (P<0.05) in the placenta, recovered from R sows. Expression of myogenic regulatory factors analyzed (MYF5, MYF6, MYOG, MYOD1, PAX3, GLI1 and WNT10b) was not different between C and R sows at d 30 of gestation. In addition, the expression of some imprinted genes were examined, and IGF2 expression tended to be higher (P=0.059) and INSR expression was higher (P=0.049) in the R embryos, and IGF2R demonstrated a tendency for a sex by treatment interaction (P=0.066) in the placenta. These results confirm that maternal metabolic state prior to conception can adversely affect embryonic size and sex ratio in the next litter. These effects involved expression of genes related to vascular development in the uterus and placenta, and were consistent with the concept of epigenetic regulation of developmentally important genes. (platform)
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».