Pneumatic Regenerative Braking System for Vehicle
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
ABSTRACT\nThroughout the later years there has been an increasing focus on the development of\ntechnologies which can reduce the need for fossil fuel without limiting the yielding capacity.\nCars have a great deal of the focus about the use of oil. With 10% of the world's populations\nowning a car and expectation of the world car park tripled in 20501 it is crucial to limit the use\nof fuel for vehicles. The efficiency improvement of vehicles is how to limit the losing of\nenergy (e.g. braking, idle and external energy demanding utilisation) and especially the loss\nof energy while braking and idling is staked to 40% of the total energy use. Several of these\nhybrid techniques are continuously under development and they "competes" against each\nother with the purpose of limiting the need of fossil fuel and to run a vehicle with best overall\nefficiency. Equal for all hybrid technologies are that they avoid the loss of energy.\nPneumatic hybrid vehicle (PHV) is a technique that could work without adding advanced and\nexpensive materials or components – thereby it would be simpler and cheaper. The option\nto use air as thrust giving fuel has no pollution and letting a compressor inverting brake\nenergy into compressed air stored in air tank - it would be free to run. With automakers\ndownsizing their engines to reduce engine friction, the kinetic regenerated compressed air\nhas better circumstances as thrust giving fuel. To store compressed air and use it in e.g.\nfour-stroked ICE, it won't have any combustion gasses while running on compressed air.\nTherefore, to achieve higher efficiency the engine would have to run as two-stroke. To\ncontrol this, the valve control is a complex matter [4] duo to the shift from combustion and\npneumatic mode. Research by L. Guzella et al.2 has shown fuel improvements up to 35% on\ngasoline engine approximately the same efficiency as electric hybrid but by far less cost and\nless complex technique. By implementing the pneumatic technique in the ICE the interaction\nwould be smooth and less complex and costly as with flywheel, electric and fuel cell -\nthereby improves the driveability for the hybrid vehicle.\nDownsizing improves fuel consumption 12-17%3 and lowers emissions by basically fitting a\nsmaller engine with a turbocharger. A side effect from turbocharged downsized ICE's is\nturbo lag at lower revs. With storage of compressed air, turbo lag can be minimized thus,\ndownsizing and pneumatic hybrid shows promising.\nThe result of pneumatic hybrid is: No external implementation exept pressure tank, made by\neasy recyclable materials as: cast iron and aluminium, low costs.\n1 http://www.fiafoundation.org/50by50/documents/50BY50_report.pdf page 5.\n2 Amir Fazeli, Amir Khajepour, Cecile Devaud. Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering,\nUniversity of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada. Applied Energy 88 (2011) 2955-2966\n3 Development of a 4-Cylinder Gasoline Engine with a Variable Flow Turbo-charger" SAE TECHNICAL\nPAPER SERIES 2007-01-0263\nNobuhiro Ito, Tohru Ohta, Ryuji Kono, Satoshi Arikawa and Takaki Matsumoto
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,003 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».