(Invited) Smart Optical Coatings for Energy Saving, Anticounterfeiting and More
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Optical coating (OC) applications represent a multibillion dollar market worldwide. Their applications range from antireflective (AR) coatings found on most optical components, to narrowband optical interference filters used in telecommunication to low emissivity (low-e) coatings for buildings and automobiles. As the range of applications of OCs continuously broadens and the need for an increased performance/versatility increases, it is becoming increasingly important to develop thin film materials with novel nanostructures or based on unconventional materials to supply them with multifunctional properties. In this context, we have been exploring the characteristics of new smart thin film devices that integrate active materials in passive OC systems, specifically electrochromic (EC) WO3 and thermochromic (TC) VO2. Regarding VO2, we have recently demonstrated the efficient use of new fabrication technologies such as High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS) for low-temperature deposition of high performance coatings [1] which subsequently have been deposited onto polymeric substrates [2]. This approach could potentially lead to the possibility of retrofitting existing windows. The HiPIMS process has also been shown to result in VO2 films which are three times more durable in stringent high temperature and humidity conditions (80°C and ~100% relative humidity) [3]. Another issue with VO2, aside from its high deposition temperature and durability, is its low visible transmittance (T lum). In this respect, we have recently explored the integration of VO2 into a passive low-e type OC, such as dielectric|VO2|Ag|dielectric, to obtain a multifunctional architecture with tunable characteristics. Specifically, the use of silver allows one to lower the VO2’s thickness while maintaining a respectable solar transmission variation (ΔT sol) as a function of temperature; a lower thickness (and thus absorption) consequently results in a higher T lum. Indeed, we have shown a T lum of 58.2% with a ΔT sol of 7.1%. The presence of a thin Ag film also procures low emissivity properties, and prototype samples show values in the 0.1 range. This unique parameter combination could bring such TC films closer to commercial implementation. On the WO3 side, we have recently developed new single material porous/dense WO3 electrochromic interference filters [4] where both EC as well as interference effects are combined into a single structure. This offers the possibility to further control the transmittance and reflection spectra of such coatings for various applications: color shifting active security devices, variable AR coatings, advanced glazings for architectural glass and more. Controlling the refractive index is of importance, however, WO3 films are also often plagued with low durability. In this respect, we are also presently exploring different film fabrication approaches. Preliminary results indicate that the resulting films can be deposited up to five times faster and display a significantly enhanced durability. [1] J.-P. Fortier, B. Baloukas, O. Zabeida, J.E. Klemberg-Sapieha, L. Martinu, "Thermochromic VO2 thin films deposited by HiPIMS," Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C. 125, 291–296 (2014). [2] S. Loquai, B. Baloukas, O. Zabeida, J.E. Klemberg-Sapieha, L. Martinu, "HiPIMS-deposited thermochromic VO2 films on polymeric substrates," Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C. 155 (2016) 60-69. [3] S. Loquai, B. Baloukas, J.E. Klemberg-Sapieha, L. Martinu, "HiPIMS-deposited thermochromic VO2 films with high environmental stability," Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C. 160 (2017) 217-224. [4] B. Baloukas, J.-M. Lamarre, L. Martinu, "Electrochromic interference filters fabricated from dense and porous tungsten oxide films," Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C. 95 (2011) 807-815.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,097 | 0,034 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».