Assessment of nutritional status of upper and middle class females (30 – 50 Years) in Askari XI, Rawalpindi, Punjab- Pakistan
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Location and purpose of the study: This study was conducted in the Askari XI, (Eleven) Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. The purpose of this study was to compare the nutritional status of two socio-economic classes i.e. upper and middle class females using different approaches apart from body mass index (BMI). Study design: Fifty houses were randomly selected from the Scheme, 25 in each class on the basis of rank of the retired military officers. From each house a female in between the age range of 30-50 years was selected and interviewed. Materials and methods: The age and anthropometric measurements i.e. weight, height, activity levels and food intakes (for 24 hours recall) were recorded in a questionnaire. For both classes age group (30 – 40 & 41 – 50) and activity levels (light & moderate) were determined. From weight and height data BMI was calculated. The macronutrients namely protein, carbohydrate, fats and micro-nutrients namely minerals, (calcium, phosphorus and iron) and vitamins (A & C) were determined by using the Food Composition Table for Pakistan. The energy contents of the food eaten by the respondents were calculated by multiplying the daily eaten protein carbohydrates and fats with 4, 4 and 9 respectively. Body mass index and dietary intakes were used for the evaluation of the nutritional status. This was accomplished by comparing the observed BMI with the BMI ranges for nutritional status. The observed nutrients intakes data was compared with the American Dietetic Association, World Health Organization and Health Welfare Canada Nutrition Recommendation. Results: The means were compared with the aforementioned norms. In the upper class the underweight, ideal weight, over weight and obese were 4, 24, 52 and 20 percent respectively, whereas in the middle class underweight, ideal weight, over weight and obese were 0, 48, 48 and 4 percent respectively. The upper class was having lower energy intake by 40-49% and the protein intake was sufficient. When compared on the age basis, the two age groups were also having decreased energy intake by 40-46%. Similarly, on the basis of activity both light and moderate were having lower energy intake by 40-49% and the protein consumption was according to the standard. On overall basis i.e. socio-economic class, age and activity level, the respondents were having increase over reference protein and carbohydrate, while decrease over reference fat intake. Similarly, the three comparisons were applied for minerals and vitamins intakes. The respondents were having lower calcium and iron intakes by 31-34% and 39-44% respectively. The vitamin A intake was also lower by 22-43%. Conclusions: This data suggest that socioeconomic status is not the only factor causing the reduced energy and nutrients intakes. Keywords: Socio-economic class: Female; Nutritional status; Nutrients Intakes; Energy
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».