Relation between Materialistic Value, Spiritual Oneness Belief and Physical Oneness Belief with Happiness: A Study on Young Professionals
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Over last 15 years, psychologists have importantly contributed to this discussion by empirically investigating measures, behavioral correlates, and determinants of happiness. Websters (1913) simply defines it as -a: state of well-being characterized by emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy; b: a pleasurable or satisfying experience. Happiness, also called in positive psychology subjective well-being, is commonly considered by positive psychologists main way we can evaluate how well our life is going. Martin Seligman (2002), describes happiness as being based on three lives - pleasurable life, engaged life and meaningful life. The better each of these lives is lived, happier person will be. Ruut Veenhoven describes happiness as the degree in which an individual judges overall quality of his life-as-a-whole favorably. Happiness is increasingly considered a proper measure of social progress and a goal of public policy (World Happiness Report, 2015).The core values of current consumer culture are materialistic and internalization of materialistic values as one's personal goals lead individuals to a greater commitment to buying and having material goods. A person with highly materialistic values believes that acquisition of material good is a central life goal, prime indicator of success and key to happiness and self definition (Richins, 2004).Hellevik (2003) correlated yearly measures of well being in Norway with extent to which citizens exerted strong materialistic values each year, finding that two were negatively associated. Australian researches from 1990s found materialist values and a possessions-based definition of success share common characteristics with type-A behaviors, including competitiveness and aggression. Another study reported that priority US adolescents placed on materialistic aims on a particular year was positively associated with yearly levels of adolescent psychopathology (Twenge et al., 2010). A meta-analysis over 200 independent samples revealed that negative association between materialism and well-being robust across different operationalizations of constructs and across different personal and cultural characteristics (Dittmar et al., 2013).Spiritual oneness is belief in spiritual interconnectedness and essential oneness of all phenomena, both living and nonliving; and a belief that happiness depends on living in accord with this understanding. This is more strongly related to mystic experiences and spirituality than to traditional religiousness. Spiritual oneness is positively associated with pro- environmental attitudes, but not with depression , anxiety or negative affect (Garfield, Drweck, Moore, Kortenkamp, & Gracz, 2014).Psychologist Mark Holder and colleagues (2008) at University of British Columbia in Canada discovered in their research with children (9-12 years old) that 6.5 to 16.5 per cent of children's happiness is attributable to spirituality. A research project by Dr. Michael Yi and Sian Cotton (2009) at University of Cincinnati revealed links between spirituality and happiness among teenagers. The researchers compared teenagers with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with their healthy peers. Their analysis showed that while spirituality helped all of young cope with life's challenges, but it was especially helpful for ones with IBD. A 2012 review by Koenig, of more than 326 peer-reviewed studies of mainly adult populations found that out of those 326 studies, 256 (79%) found only significant positive associations between spirituality and well-being. Ellison's (1991) study was identified as a key study because it was one of first studies to report on relationship between spiritual beliefs, life satisfaction, and personal happiness. This study revealed that positive influence of spiritualism certainty on well-being is direct and substantial: individuals with strong spiritual belief report higher levels of life satisfaction, greater personal happiness, and fewer negative psychosocial consequences of traumatic life events. …
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».