Drinking regime evaluation with continuous ruminal monitoring boluses
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Received: 2016-07-04 | Accepted: 2016-10-27 | Available online: 2017-03-31 http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/afz.2017.20.01.01-05 The aim of this study was to continuously monitored drinking regime of 7 dairy cows of Holstein breed using boluses during 24 weeks of lactation in relation to the outside temperature and observed daily drinking regime with the impact of drinking on rumen temperature at University Experimental Farm in Oponice. Animals were fed once daily and milked 3 times per day. The bolus pH and temperature values implemented via esophagus were measured every 15 minutes (96 data points per day) with accuracy ±0.1 ph and °C. Outside temperature by FREEMETEO meteorological server (48 times per day) was measured. Outside temperature can affect the drinking regime of dairy cows. During lactation weeks with higher outside temperature higher average number of drinking events (ANDE) was determined. The biggest difference between weeks in ANDE 18.33 % (p = 0.000) was found. Daily ANDE 9.25 ±1.85 and average daily temperature (ADT) 19.03 ±5.19 °C were observed. The most of the drinking events (NDE) concentrated to 4 main peaks (25.17  %) during working hours (74.98  %) was found. After the feed intake and milking the highest frequencies of NDE were observed. The highest average ruminal temperature after drinking (ARTAD) during night before first feeding due to lower NDE in this time were found. Overall ARTAD 36.86 °C was observed. The most measured ruminal temperatures after drinking (RTAD) (51.53 %) in the interval 35â37 °C were found. This research proved that continuous ruminal monitoring with boluses is an appropriate tool for drinking regime evaluation and heat stress determination in herd of dairy cows. Keywords: dairy cows, Hostein cattle, bolus, rumen, temperature, water intake, outside temperature References Arias, R., Mader, T. and Escobar, P. (2008)  Climatic factors affecting cattle performance in dairy and beef farms. 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(2005) Changes in Feeding, Drinking, and Standing Behavior of Dairy Cows During the Transition Period. Journal of Dairy Science , vol. 88, no. 7, pp. 2454â2461. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(05)72923-4 JAGO, J. G. et al. (2005) The drinking behaviour of dairy cows in late lactation. In 65th Conference of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production, Christchurch 21-24 June 2005. New Zealand: NZ Society Animal Production, pp. 153-156. Matarazzo, S. V. et al. (2003) Water Intake and Behavior of Dairy Cows in Response to Environmental Conditions. In Fifth International Dairy Housing Proceedings , Forth Worth, 29-31 January 2003. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, pp 213-217. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.11624 Meyer, U. et al. (2004) Investigations on the water intake of lactating dairy cows. Livestock production science , vol. 90, no. 2, pp. 117-121. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livprodsci.2004.03.005 Murphy, M. R. 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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,006 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,003 | 0,002 |
| Communication savante | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Science ouverte | 0,008 | 0,004 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,002 | 0,004 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; les deux têtes enseignantes s’accordent sur ce qui est montré ici.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».