Revegetation of tailings sand without a soil cover in the Alberta oil sands
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Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Reclamation in the oil sands in Alberta is a high priority and can be challenging. Suncor Energy is in the process of reclaiming one of its consolidated tailings (CT) ponds (Pond 5). The CT is being capped with a layer of petroleum coke to accelerate the creation of a trafficable surface, and then with tailings sand. As these CT dewater, a temporary reclamation vegetative cover over the tailings sand was needed to stabilise the sand against water and wind erosion prior to final reclamation. Criteria for native plant species selection for the cover crop were based on their ability to grow rapidly, be drought and possibly salt tolerant and provide a vegetation cover for at least three years. This study aims to assess the potential of some native grasses to directly grow and stabilise tailings sand and to determine nutritional requirements for optimal growth. The study was initiated in 2010 (Woosaree et al., 2010). Year 2011 provided an opportunity to study how well these native species continued to adapt and grow on direct tailings sands and if the underlying coke layer from the tailings ponds, presented any limitation to plant growth and survival. Results indicated higher aboveground biomass and percent cover for the native grass seed mix than June grass or fringed brome grass alone. The higher biomass is most likely due to the nature of the species, with June grass being a low stature species compared to the native mix. Fringed brome plants were sparse within the plots, most likely as a result of low emergence in 2010. The greatest benefit of an organic amendment such as alfalfa pellet application appeared to be moisture retention, giving the seeded species a head start to germinate. Root depths measured ranged from 11 to 26 cm allowing the plants to tap deeper into below ground moisture. Plants in the control plots had less vigour, yet were still surviving despite no fertilisers or pellets being applied. A fertiliser rate above 50 kg N/ha did not have a positive effect on the plants. Soil available nitrogen measured in the fall of 2011 was below detectable level. However, plant tissue analysis showed total nitrogen of 1–2.3%. Atmospheric deposition of N and microbial association with the plant roots could contribute to N availability. Microbial analysis revealed six nitrogen fixing bacteria and one plant growth-promoting bacteria to be associated with the native species roots. This study will help to select suitable species for inclusion in seed mixtures for final reclamation.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle