WHEAT Triticum L.) CULTIVARS FROM GRIN COLLECTION (USA) SELECTED FOR DURABLE RESISTANCE TO Septoria tritici AND Stagonospora nodorum BLOTCH
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Septoria tritici blotch (STB) or Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB) are among the most harmful and economically significant diseases of wheat in the grain growing regions of the world, especially in the countries with a temperate climate.In epiphytotic years the losses from the disease can reach 30-40 %.In Russia the diseases holds a dominant position in a pathogenic complex of fungus diseases of grain crops.In this paper we first determined the parameters of partial resistance in the cultivars of wheat (genus Triticum) from the collection of the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN, USA) using the stable strains of Septoria tritici and Stagonospora nodorum pathogens.The aim of our study was to select wheat varieties with long-term resistance to blotch based on field and laboratory tests.A long-term study (2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015) of the disease development on the wheat cultivars from GRIN Collection were conducted at artificial infection in infection nursery (Central region of Russia, Moscow Province).The samples studied belonged to various genetic groups.A total of 20 samples were diploids (2n = 14), 409 samples were tetraploids (2n = 28), 1688 samples were hexaploids (2n = 42), and also 397 lines derived from crossing of Triticum aestivum with Aegilotriticum were tested.The area under disease progress curve was determined, and the index of resistance (IR) was calculated.The cultivars, that characterized by slow development of the disease in the field, i.e. with high-and middle IR, were selected for laboratory studies.The plants were grown in artificial climate chambers till the 3 rd leaf fully unfolded.Pieces of leaves were inoculated by a drop of spore suspension of S. tritici (4 isolates) or St. nodorum (4 isolates), 10 replications per each variety-topathotype combination.The samples were grouped according to the latent period length and size of infectious spots.As a result, 191 samples of T. aestivum subsp.aestivum and a sample of T. aestivum subsp.spelta with a high index of resistance to the disease were selected among hexaploid wheat; 16 samples were found in tetraploid wheat, including 8 samples of T. turgidum subsp.durum, 2 samples of T. turgidum subsp.turgidum, 3 samples of T. turgidum subsp.dicoccon, 3 samples of T. timopheevii subsp.timopheevii; and 4 samples were selected from diploid wheat T. monococcum subsp.aegilopoides.Eleven lines derived from crossing of T. aestivum and Aegilotriticum sp.showed the sloweddown in the disease development.The selected hexaploid wheat cultivars were mostly from North American ecology-geographical group of T. aestivum subsp.aestivum, including 77 cultivars from the USA and 18 -from Canada (34.5 % in total).Selected tetraploid wheat samples of T. turgidum subsp.durum were from North and Central America, and those of T. turgidum subsp.turgidum, T. timopheevii subsp.timopheevii and T. turgidum subsp.dicoccon from Europe and Asia.The samples from Iraq and Hungary with a high index of blotch resistance were found among diploid wheat T. monococcum subsp.aegilopoides.The synthetic lines of wheat from the USA and Mexico were also characterized by a slowed-down development of the disease.Thus the wheat cultivars with partial resistance have been revealed, including 10 cultivars with partial resistance to Septoria tritici blotch and 40 cultivars -to Stagonospora nodorum blotch.The accessions PI 494096 Tadinia, Cltr 17904 Owens, Cltr 15645 II-62-4 (USA), VIR 63915 Flame (England), Cltr 14492 Azteca, PI 520555 Alondora 'S' (Mexico), PI 404115 Timson (Australia), Cltr 11765 Chinese 166 (Germany), PI 422413 CNT 1 (Brazil), PI 168724 Benvenuto, Cltr 15378 Piamontes, PI 344468 Piamontes Inta (Argentina), PI 306551 2944 (Romania), PI 355706 69Z5.715(Azerbaijan), PI 355560 SK 1B (Switzerland), PI 94743 290 (Russia) are of special interest for breeding as a source of long term resistance.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,004 | 0,002 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».