In Situ Chemical Reduction (ISCR) for Removal of Persistent Pesticides; focus on kepone in tropical soils
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Background/Objectives. The global use of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) such as Lindane, DDT, Dieldrin, Kepone, Chlordane and Toxaphene has resulted in long-term soil impacts at many sites. Given the potential risks to human health and the environment, some OCP-impacted sites require treatment. In certain cases, the "dig-and-dump" approach is not practical due to magnitude of the problem, access issues, and/or resource constraints. Here "bioremediation" can be used to treat the soil on site, often at lower costs, and certainly with lower generation of greenhouse gases. Unfortunately, most OCPs are not amenable to conventional bioremediation technologies hence they persist over time. Approach/Activities. DARAMEND® in situ chemical reduction (ISCR) technology uniquely combines controlled-release carbon with a reduced metal such - as zero valent iron (ZVI) or zinc - to yield a highly effective material for stimulating the complete degradation (no accumulation of catabolic intermediates) of persistent organic compounds present in soil, sediment and groundwater. The term ISCR is used to define the combined effects of stimulated biological oxygen consumption (via "fermentation" of complex organic carbon sources), direct chemical reduction with reduced metals, and the corresponding enhanced decomposition reactions that are realized at the lowered redox (Eh) conditions. In brief, the ZVI oxidizes to form ferrous iron and releases electrons in the process. The organic carbon is consumed by microorganisms that are indigenous to the soil, resulting in release of additional free electrons. These electrons transferred to the OCPs result in the removal of chlorine from the compound's structure (reductive dechlorination); ultimately, complete destruction of the pesticides occurs. Most soils can be effectively treated in a reasonable time frame (e.g., from 4 to 8 weeks) using standard agricultural machinery at a price typically less than US$20 per tonne of soil treated. Results/Lessons Learned. The presentation will summarize the ISCR theory followed by case studies in the United States, Brazil and Europe. Particular emphasis will be placed on the removal of OCPs from soil at sites in Canada (34 acres impacted by DDT, DDD, and DDE) and the Caribbean (French West Indies, Kepone impacted soils - technology validation tests). For Kepone, bench-scale studies demonstrated rapid (< 2 weeks) and extensive degradation: catabolites with up to 7 Cl removed were identified by GC/MS. Mesocosm (scale-up) studies with tropical soils determined that soil type had a significant impact on process efficacy. Ecotoxicity tests and bioaccumulation studies were also considered in the evaluation of the process. Recognized technology development needs include insight into catabolite environmental fate/affect. Significant advances in the biogeochemistry of OCP degradation are anticipated from basic research on microbiology and genetics of ISCR processes.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».