Mapping Dialectal Variation Using the Algonquian Linguistic Atlas
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The Algonquian Linguistic Atlas (URL: www.ling-atlas.ca), a collaborative project started in 2005 (Co-author et al. 2005), is an online multimedia linguistic atlas of Algonquian languages across Canada. It includes data primarily from the Cree-Innu- Naskapi continuum, but also from Mi’kmaw, Ojibwe, Blackfoot, Algonquin, Mitchif, Oji-Cree, and Maliseet, collected from 2002 to the present, including 42 communities from Alberta to Labrador. In this multimedia presentation we show how data previously gathered for the Atlas for pedagogical purposes can be (re-)used to for a bottom-up linguistic study of dialectal boundaries and degree of relatedness of neighbouring languages. The questionnaire includes the elicitation of single words and phrases categorized into 21 themes, such as greetings, kinship terms, days of the week, weather, orders and requests, and hunting. Although the data collected was initially only conversation-based, the questionnaire was later enriched to elicitate and verify patterns of dialectal variation. Using this data and previous smaller-scale dialectal work as a reference, (MacKenzie (1980), Valentine (1995), Béland (1979) and Drapeau (1979)), we identified 114 distinct variable phonological, lexical, grammatical, syntactic and semantic features which were analyzed for each community across the country. The realizations or variants for each feature were coded in each community, creating isogloss maps based on data collected, to be available via the online interface. These individual feature maps are then compared and compiled in R (R Core Team, 2013; Wikham, H. 2009; Wikham, H. et. al, 2016) to reveal the isogloss bundles drawn from the Atlas data. We will demonstrate the usefulness of this bottom-up approach by discussing a few isogloss bundles found. First, an isogloss bundle is confirmed between dialects of Cree-Innu-Naskapi which undergo palatalization, versus those who do not (also attested in MacKenzie 1980). Our findings also show an isogloss bundle at the Manitoba-Ontario border of Canada, where a number of realizations cluster together west of the border versus different realizations to the east. Lastly, while Drapeau (1979) and MacKenzie (1980) noted that the recent sound change of /ʃ/ to /h/ primarily affected n- and l-speakers of Innu, data from the Atlas shows that this change also applies to Oji-Cree speakers, a more Western n-dialect, previously unattested in dialectal work. This research project illustrates how digitized resources designed as pedagogical and lexicological tools can also serve as useful tools for linguistic analysis. Our findings can help deepen the understanding of Algonquian dialectal variation while contributing to the efforts of communities working towards the revitalization and promotion of their languages. References Béland. 1978 Atikamekw Morphology and Lexicon. Ph. D. Thesis, University of California, Berkeley. Drapeau, Lynn. 1979. Aspects de la morphologie du nom en montagnais. Ph.D. Thesis, Universite de Montréal. Haas, Walter. 2010. A study on areal diffusion. In: Language and Space: An International Handbook on Linguistic variation. Volume 1: Theories and Methods. Peter Auer and Jürgen Erich Schmidt, eds. De Gruyter Mouton, Germany. Horden, John. 1881. A Grammar of the Cree Language, As Spoken by the Cree Indians of North America. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. Howse, James. 1844. A Grammar of the Cree Language. London: J.G.F. & J. Rivington. Co-author (dir.), Marguerite MacKenzie, Co-author, J. Randolph Valentine & Arok Wolvengrey (co-dir.). 2005-present. The Algonquian Linguistic Atlas. Available at: http://www.atlas-ling.ca/#. Last accessed: May 16, 2016. Lacombe, Albert. 1874. Grammaire de la langue des Cris. Montreal. MacKenzie, Marguerie. 1980. Towards a Dialectology of Cree-Montagnais-Naskapi. Doctor of philosophy dissertation. University of Toronto. Pentland, David H. 1979. Algonquian Historical Phonology. Ph. D. Thesis, University of Toronto. R Core Team (2013). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL: http://www.R- project.org/. Valentine, J. Randolph. 1995. Ojibwe Dialect Relations: Lexical Maps. Wickham, Hadley; Romain François; RStudio. 2016. Dlyr: A Grammar of Data Manipulation. MIT. URL: https://github.com/hadley/dplyr Wickham, Hadley. 2009. ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. Springer-Verlag
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,005 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».