Ruminal degradabilities and intestinal digestibilities of canola meals and the production response of cows fed canola meal with varying concentration of starch sources.
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Canola meal (CM) is a by-product in the manufacturing process of canola oil which can be performed with or without using solvent extraction. It is a protein supplement which has grown its importance in dairy cattle feeding competing with soybean meal (SBM). However, final quality of the feed depends on the oil extraction process and the production conditions used by the individual processing plant. Two studies were conducted to investigate: 1) the variability among the CM produced in different processing plants and 2) the best starch source or the most suitable proportion of corn and barley to be fed with CM, in order to optimize dairy cattle performance. The first study consisted of an in situ and in vitro experiment where ruminal disappearance kinetics and intestinal digestibility parameters were estimated in seven CM samples obtained from different processing plants located in Canada. Canola meal 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, and 11 were obtained from processing plants using solvent extraction and CM12 was from a plant using mechanically extraction. Disappearance and digestibility parameters for CM were compared with SBM. Ruminal degradation and intestinal digestibility varied significantly among treatments. However, values obtained for degradability and digestibility parameters were in agreement with NRC with slight variations. Data from this study suggests that, variabilities in the chemical composition of CM may be because of the production variabilities occurring during CM manufacturing process in different processing plants. In the second experiment, CM was used as the primarily protein supplement with four different ratios of corn and barley 1) 100:0, 2) 67:33, 3) 33:67, and 4) 0:100. Sixteen multiparous Holstein cows were used in 4×4 Latin square design. Production parameters were not significantly different among treatments. Milk production was averaged for 41.2 kg/d and the efficiency of milk production averaged 1.53. There were no significant differences between the milk protein fractions among treatments. However, ruminal propionate and acetate to propionate ratio varied quadratically. Ruminal pH, NH3-N, and plasma glucose concentration were similar to all treatments. Apparent total tract digestibilities of nutrients (except starch) were linearly decreased as the proportion of barley starch increased in the diet. However, total tract starch digestibility averaged 95.5% and was not affected by varying proportions of corn and barley in the diet. Results of this study concludes that there is no significant effect of starch source on animal performances when CM was used as the major protein source, and similar production responses of feeding corn can be obtained by feeding barley or by mixing corn and barley in different proportions.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».