Logic, Ethics and Aesthetics

The relationship between logic and ethics is one of the basic and most essential questions of classical philosophical analysis.Since the time of the Pythagoreans, the fundamental unity of the two -whether by means of vague intuition, an elaborate conceptual scheme, or even a carefully crafted lifestyle -has led philosophers to identify truth and virtue.In his critical philosophy Kant put this unity of truth and virtue to extensive and rigorous trial to determine what conditions, if any, allow us to intelligibly answer the question of how knowledge, or an obvious inner belief turns into a necessary motivation of the will, or, in other words, how belief can be interpreted as both an intelligible object and a source for action.In 1790 Kant gave his conclusive answer to this question in Critique of Judgment, which was an attempt to reconcile, in terms of aesthetics, a set of contradictions that arose between his 1st and 2nd Critiques, i.e. between his logical and ethical doctrines, to be discussed below. 2Although throughout the development of his thought Peirce made several decisive moves away from the mainstream of Kant's first two Critiques, in his early years, Kant's critical philosophy was the object of his steady interest.Besides, in Peirce's case, Kantian influence was mediated and greatly diversified by intensive reading of Hegel and German Romantics, as well as by lessons in logic and mathematics from his father Benjamin Peirce (MS 310: 823; Colapietro 2006: 173-4, 196).This mediation greatly enriched Peirce's perception of Kantian critical approach -to such an extent that much later, in his 1902 application to Carnegie grant, Peirce avouched that "Kant's criticism was, so to say, my mother's milk in philosophy" (L 75).It is this beverage that made Peirce immune to the deficiencies of empiricist tradition (Short 2007: 66-7, 81-3), especially with respect to his doctrine of categories (Friedman 1996).Moreover, mature Peirce, although he was highly critical towards Kant, praised him for the fact that he based metaphysics on logic, as well as for a decisive emphasis he laid on the idea of architectonics (Nordmann 2006; Parker 1998: 2-59).Therefore, given the high complexity of Kantian themes in Peirce's writings, whatever interpretation one may feel inclined to, it is widely recognized that Peirce's pragmatism, both as a whole and in any particular stage of its development, may Logic, Ethics and Aesthetics

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