Recent developments in aqueous phase bromate (BrO3–) species treatment using adsorption, reduction, and ion-exchange processes
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
ABSTRACT Recently, bromate (BrO 3 – ) presence in the drinking water sources and its health-related concerns (e.g., carcinogenic) has initiated a lot of attention both within the regulatory bodies across the globe (such as WHO, US EPA, EU, etc.) and also within the scholarly community that look for efficient bromate removal techniques to meet the desired bromate water quality standards. Bromate species is typically formed during disinfection–ozonation of bromide containing water. Considering its carcinogenic and mutagenic threat toward human health, several recent research studies have investigated different processes for efficient bromate removal from the aqueous phase under a varying set of conditions and also report the optimum process variables. In this review paper, we have presented and summarized findings from the respective recent work on bromate removal techniques and have also discussed the effect of various process variables on bromate removal efficiency. The adsorption process is noted to be the most common and widely studied technique. Some of the adsorbent materials used included activated carbon, both unmodified and modified. The respective adsorbent samples are noted to have varying specific surface area, pore size, and surface morphology. In most studies, the effect of pH, initial bromate concentration, contact time, temperature, adsorbent dose, mixing speed, and coexisting ions was investigated to get optimum bromate removal. The adsorption equilibria and kinetics were mainly predicted by Langmuir/Freundlich isotherms and pseudo-second-order models, respectively. Also, the Donnan dialysis and electrodialysis ion-exchange processes removed bromate ions to acceptable concentrations. Bromate reduction can also be achieved using advanced reduction processes where ultraviolet light has been used as an activating agent and mainly sulfite as the reducing agent. Furthermore, chemical reduction, electrochemical reduction, and bio-reduction-based bromate removal processes are also discussed. The reduction-based processes indicated the formation of different reduced species including bromine. The ferrous-based reduction processes are noted to be very effective and several variations of ferrous-based technologies including adsorption and reduction processes are presented and discussed. In summary, this review work indicates a very positive development in the respective area of study, that is, bromate removal from the concerned aqueous streams, and hopefully will also serve as a focal point for further scientific innovations and endeavour for a better human health.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».