Modeling of CO2 Leakage from CCS into Overlying Formations - Quest CCS Monitoring Evaluation
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Commercial-scale deployment of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) as a viable greenhouse gas emissions reduction technology requires that the CO2 be confidently contained in geological formations with no risk of groundwater contamination. To ensure containment is adequately monitored, an evaluation of what a potential leak could look like and how it can be detected is required. This paper is an example from the Quest CCS operation in Alberta, Canada. Quest commenced operation in August of 2015 at a rate of 1 MT/year into two injection wells. After two years of operations, the project’s rigorous monitoring program has demonstrated that the reservoir is behaving as expected and no leaks have been detected. However, hypothetical leak paths have been investigated and modeled. Four scales of models have been used to evaluate the risks associated with the hypothetical leak paths and therefore on containment: (1) Geological structural models - Regional Static Model, Field Dynamic Model, (2) Legacy well - Well Brine Leak Path Model (3) CO2 Leakage - Injection Well CO2 Leak Path Model, and (4) Leak detection - Cooking Lake Model. The results of the modelling were used in the evaluation of the Quest project proposal, the current operating strategy, and the measurement, monitoring, and verification (MMV) plan. The results of the leak path models demonstrate that the risk of a CO2 leakage from the Quest storage operation is very low. Regional modeling of the overburden confirmed that no leak pathways in the project area could be identified. Field level dynamic modelling demonstrated that injected CO2 is not expected to reach far field legacy wells, but the potential for elevated reservoir pressure displacing saline brine into usable ground water could be a risk if insufficient well count. The impact of a brine leak path was modeled and concluded to be negligible as the overlying under pressured cooking lake formation was concluded to be an effective pressure sink. As the injection wells have the highest pressures and concentrations of CO2 in the reservoir, despite excellent wellbore integrity, they are the most likely location for a theoretical CO2 leak path. It was both concluded that the buoyancy force was a very slow moving affect and that the cooking lake formation ultimately acts as a pressure sink. Therefore, the cooking lake was modeled to understand what pressure response could be expected and whether a leak into those formations could be detected. It was concluded that material leaks at the injection well would be differentiable from baseline pressure drift at the monitoring wells.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».