Opportunities for Improved Warship Energy Efficiency: A Canadian Patrol Frigate’s Operational Energy Use Patterns
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
This project explores a Canadian warship’s propulsion and electrical energy use patterns to define energy baselines and determine if the ship would be able to save energy without compromising mission capability. The study also aims to define the key factors preventing more efficient energy use, and suitable technical and behavioral options to reduce overall mission fuel consumption. The author postulates that improved energy efficiency can coincidentally improve mission, cost and environmental performance. \n\nThis study defines a Canadian Patrol Frigate’s energy baselines for a single warship between July 2015 and March 2016. HMCS VANCOUVER (VAN) machinery control system and bridge logbook data were combined to define the ship’s daily trends for both propulsion and electrical energy, and determine what opportunities were available to meet speed demands, using more efficient engine configurations. The ship’s new machinery control system also allowed for real-time data capture of the ship’s total electrical power demand, and monitoring of the operating trends of electrical motors that drive the ship’s array of pumps and fans. These data, coupled with equipment amperage load-checks, provided an estimate of various system’s electrical energy use, both at sea and in port. \n\nDuring approximately 70% of all operations, VAN would have had favorable engineering, operational and weather conditions to assume the most efficient engine configuration, without degrading mission effectiveness. The ship used an average of 40.6 m3 of fuel, each of the 71 days at sea, spending the majority of her time at speeds between 10 and 15 knots, and demonstrating a strong tendency to utilize a gas turbine for slower speeds where the propulsion diesel engine (PDE) would have been most efficient. The study shows that if the ship assumed the most efficient, available drive mode, she could have saved 10% of total fuel without compromising mission capability. These results suggest that over a 15-year timeframe, enough fuel could be saved to send the entire fleet to sea for two years. This analysis highlights the criticality of the ship’s PDE, due to its fuel economy when compared to the more powerful, but less efficient gas turbines. The reliability and maintenance shortfalls of the PDE may prevent achievable fuel savings unless the PDE’s performance can be improved for more frequent use, especially at lower speeds. \n\n The analysis also defines the baseline electrical energy use patterns of the VAN, which used an average of 961 kW per hour at sea, and 620 kW per hour in harbor. The ship used a quarter of its total energy to supply costly onboard electrical power, to feed the high energy demands of key systems, including chilled water, fireman, air compressors, and machinery space ventilation. \n \nThis analysis shows that significant energy savings are possible through the implementation of efficient machinery configurations, improved system maintenance, and the isolation of redundant equipment. However in some cases, these savings would require additional investment for more efficient system performance. The information in this study can be used to support additional, detailed energy assessments of individual systems to identify attractive areas for saving energy and costs, with coincidental benefits to capability, and environmental and reputational performance.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,003 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».