Determination of ground displacement of 25 April 2015 Nepal earthquake by GNSS precise point positioning
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The April 2015 Nepal earthquake (known as the Gorkha earthquake) occurred at 06:11:25 (UTC) on the 25th of April, with a magnitude of 7.8Mw. It was the worst natural disaster to strike Nepal since the 1934 Nepal-Bihar earthquake. Precise determination of ground displacement in this area will provide important information to better understand the structure and scope of the earthquake, contributing to faster and more accurate earthquake prediction. In this paper, we use precise point positioning to determine the displacements of 17 GNSS stations around the epicenter for the day of the earthquake. The processing results show that the common displacement direction is close to south-southwest with the largest value being approximately 2 m and the affected area being about 160 km in the southeast direction centered around the earthquake epicenter. However, a detectable GNSS signal was still observed at a station some 647 km away from the epicenter.References Akram Afifi, Ahmed El-Rabbany, 2016. Improved Between-Satellite Single-Difference Precise Point Positioning Model Using Triple GNSS Constellations: GPS, Galileo, and Beidou, Positioning, 7, 63-74. Doi.org/10.4236/pos.2016.72006. Galetzka J., Melgar D., Genrich J.F., Geng J., Owen S., Lindsey E.O., Xu X., Bock Y., Avouac J.-P., Adhikari L.B., Upreti B.N., Pratt-Sitaula B., Bhattarai T.N., Sitaula B.P., Moore A., Hudnut K.W., Szeliga W., Normandeau J., Fend M., Flouzat M., Bollinger L., Shrestha P., Koirala B., Gautam U., Bhatterai M., Gupta R., Kandel T., Timsina C., Sapkota S.N., Rajaure S., Maharjan N., 2015. Slip pulse and resonance of the Kathmandu basin during the 2015 Gorkha earthquake, Nepal, Science, 349, 1091-1095. Han Yue, Thorne Lay, Susan Y. Schwartz, Luis Rivera, Marino Protti Timothy H. Dixon, Susan Owen, and Andrew V. 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Precise Point Positioning using GPS and GLONASS measurements, Journal of Geodesy and Cartography (in Vietnamese), 15, 9-17. Nguyen Ngoc Lau, Duong Minh Au, Nguyen Van Tuan, Dang Van Cong Bang, 2012. Precise point positioning using GPS and GLONASS measurements. Report of ministry-level of project B2010-30-33B2012-20-33. Nguyen Ngoc Lau, Tran Trong Duc, Duong Tuan Viet, Dang Van Cong Bang, 2010. Automatic GPS precise point processing via internet. Report of ministry-level of project B2010-30-33. Nguyen Ngoc Lau, Ha Minh Hoa, Richard Coleman, 2011. A new technique for processing GLONASS carrier phase measurements over medium length baselines using IGS products, International Journal of Geoinformatics, 7(4), 11-20. Tomokazu Kobayashi, Yu Morishita and Hiroshi Yarai, 2015. Detailed crustal deformation and fault rupture of the 2015 Gorkha earthquake, Nepal, revealed from ScanSAR-based interferograms of ALOS-2, Earth, Planets and Space, 67, 201p. UNAVCO, 2015, https://www.unavco.org/highlights/2015/nepal.html. USCG, 2015. https://earthquake.usgs.gov/research/everyone/nepal2015/. Zumberge J.F., Heflin M.B., Jefferson D.C., Wattkins M.M. and Webb F.H., 1997. Precise point positioning for the efficient and robust analysis of GPS data from large networks, Journal of Geophysical Research, 102(B3), 5005-5017.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».