Facilitation of Martial Arts as Leisure: Empowering First Nations Youth as a Form of Community Process
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Introduction: Statement of Research Purpose, Questions and HypothesisThe central question of how facilitation of martial arts as leisure may affect First Nations youth between the ages of 15 to 18 who have experienced adversity presents conceptual, ethical and methodological challenges, as Aboriginal worldview and healing practices go beyond limited notions of resiliency. Questions arise in relation to how we define and respond to recovery from adversity, as Aboriginal experience speaks to a different approach to health and autonomy than Eurocentric perspectives. Processes in identity, politics, dislocation and education must therefore be considered within an overlay of cultural, ethical and methodological frameworks. The purpose of this study is intended to reflect an ongoing ethical critique both of the contextual issues, themes and trends that arise as a process of this analysis. Given the physical, psychological, social-cultural and spiritual dimensions of First Nations peoples (Lavallee & Poole, 2009), a culturally specific Medicine Wheel and heart-based approach (Hill, 1995) is taken in this study with recognition of the concept of life balance (Žohar & Marshall, 2000) and in view of apparently incompatible Eurocentric and Aboriginal worldview assumptions. From critical-democratic perspectives (Barrett, Solomon & Singer, 2009; Kincheloe, 2008), the Aboriginal self-reflective practice of the way of the warrior in cultivating peace through courage and compassion is examined within the broad heuristic leisure framework as presented by Iwasaki, Cole and Shank (2010).From appropriate cultural and contextually specific perspectives that indicate a positive strengths-based proactive critical agency, a central research question guided the study (Iwasaki, et al„ 2010): How would martial arts facilitation as leisure affect First Nations youth who have faced adversity? Specific questions included:1. Given different Aboriginal and/or non-Aboriginal beliefs, assumptions and values, what are the individual, community and cultural implications and effects in facilitating martial arts as a leisure activity?2. Granted the apparent incompatibility of Eurocentric and Aboriginal worldviews, can martial arts as a philosophy and way of life empower First Nations youth's lived experience in a process of facilitation where such diverse perspectives may be viewed as complimentary?3. How would facilitating Native martial arts or any other martial art be similar and/or different in philosophy, meaning and/or effect on First Nations youth?4. Is there a relevant method of facilitation for facilitating martial arts as leisure in empowering First Nations youth who have faced adversity?5. To what extent do the implicit assumptions of our culture allow empowerment of First Nations youth through a strengths-based, self-reflective and critical-democratic approach to facilitation that would support resilience of First Nations youth who have experienced adversity?From these research questions, a hypothesis was made with respect to the value of a facilitated mentorship within a strengths-based approach towards empowering First Nations youth through martial arts as a form of community process, a positive strengths-based mentorship approach (Robertson, 2006). The hypothesis of this study is in the prediction that incorporating one's self-concept in self-reflective practice as the existential other that responsibly embraces the qualities of a common humanity that cultivates trust and respect. This embodiment in role modelling of facilitation would provide the most significant positive empowerment of First Nations youth.The conceptual framework developed in this study is one that describes how cultural influences facilitate and/or hamper resiliency, Iwasaki, et al. (2010) presented a unique heuristic map in representation of leisure in a broad-based meaning-oriented perspective. From this framework, consideration of martial arts facilitation as leisure is further made through the holistic Medicine Wheel grid as contextualized in discerning and establishing a balance to include Aboriginal spiritual and heart-based perspectives that are often missing from Eurocentric individual and community worldview assumptions. …
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