Positive Psychology and Environmental Psychology

pSymposium Title: Positive Psychology and Environmental Psychology/p\npSymposium Abstract and Individual Paper #1/p\npChair: Marino Bonaiuto, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy/p\npThis symposium draws together for the first time scholars whom did not collaborate or exchanged directly before. They are all interested in different sides of the interplay among positive psychology and environmental psychology; some of them address more explicitly this issue, some other are just doing some research work which results to be relevant for such an issue. In such a way the symposium aims to contribute to a very brand new strand of creative theoretical elaboration bridging two important branches of psychology, with many implications for both basic and applied research. The five papers of the symposium, though referring to specific topics and aspects, share a general interest on how environmental psychology can improve human being(s) conditions thus positively impacting on their satisfaction, well-being, performance; or on how certain positive psychological features of the human being(s) can positively impact on the environment. These two sides of the overlapping among positive psychology and environmental psychology are both relevant and important. The papers within the symposium try to illustrate both cases. The first paper will introduce the general theme of the symposium and will set some general coordinates in terms of theoretical overlapping and reciprocal relevance of the two psychological approaches or branches of positive psychology and of environmental psychology. The second paper offers an interesting parallelism among classical attachment theory and place attachment theory, thus trying to more explicitly connecting the original attachment theory focusing on the development early age to its environmental psychology counterpart referring to the adulthood workplace as an exemplifying case for the way such a model can be useful in focusing a virtuous positive loop among people and place in reciprocal interaction. The third paper more specifically focuses on adults' workplace in order to show how a positive interaction among adult workers and their organization can promote their positive behaviours toward the organizational environment, contributing to greening it. The fourth paper deals with the importance of the environmental and contextual features which can support and help the persons to realize and fulfill their own aims; thus it focuses on how the environment can positively help the person in her/his accomplishments, especially in a delicate life-stage such as older ages. Finally, The fifth and last paper deals with the issue that not only a positive environment can positively impact on the person, but that also a positively oriented person can benefiting her/his own environment./p\npKey words: positive psychology, environmental psychology/p\npIndividual Paper Title #2/p\npI love my Country, but I avoid it! I hate my Workplace but I am very attached to it. A reflection on the possible qualities of Place attachment/p\npFabrizio SCRIMA/p\npUniversity of Paris Ouest – Nanterre La Défense; Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Social (LAPPS)/p\npAbstract/p\npBased on the theory of Schumaker and Taylor (1983) Place attachment is defined as the emotional component of the relationship between an individual and a given place. Moreover, it is considered as an emotional link between person and place (Hidalgo and Hernandez, 2001) and a very important component of personal identity. Indeed, Place identity is defined as a component of Self-concept and / or personal identity, which is linked to the place to which one belongs (Hernandez, Hidalgo, Salazar-Laplace, and Hess, 2007). However, scholars have focused on the presence-absence dichotomy of the place attachment. We believe that Bowlby's Attachment Theory could be useful for understanding the particular patterns influencing the relationship between individual and place. In particular, mutualizing from Bartholomew and Horowitz approach (1991), positive or negative quality of Self and Place perception could conduct us at the generation of the principal adult attachment patterns: secure, preoccupied, and avoidant. The secure attachment style is characterized by positive images of both self and other. It reflects a positive sense of worthiness and an expectation that other people are supportive, accepting, and available. The preoccupied pattern is characterized by a negative image of self and a positive image of other. This category describes a sense of unworthiness and an expectation that others are rejecting. The avoidant style is typified by a negative image of other and a positive image of self, indicating a sense of self-love combined with an expectation that others are negatively disposed (Bartholomew and Horowitz, 1991). In particular important role is played by the meta-cognitive ability characteristic of a secure attachment style, conceived as a resource that allows people to effectively manage some functional and dysfunctional aspects of life. An example in the workplace context is reported./p\npKeywords: Place attachment, secure, avoidant, preoccupied, workplace/p\npReferences/p\npBartholomew, K., amp; Horowitz, L. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 226-244./p\npHernández, B., Carmen Hidalgo, M., Salazar-Laplace, M. E., amp; Hess, S. (2007). Place attachment and place identity in natives and non-natives. Journal of environmental psychology, 27(4), 310-319./p\npHidalgo, M. C., amp; Hernandez, B. (2001). Place attachment: Conceptual and empirical questions. Journal of environmental psychology, 21(3), 273-281./p\npShumaker, S. A., amp; Taylor, R. B. (1983). Toward a clarification of people-place relationships: A model of attachment to place. Environmental psychology: Directions and perspectives, 219-251./p\npIndividual Paper Title #2/p\npPro-environmental behaviors in the workplace: theoretical underpinnings and empirical research./p\npPascal Paillé/p\npUniversité Laval, Quebec, Canada/p\npPro-environmental behaviors (PEBs) refer to behaviors that harm the natural environment as less as possible, or even benefit the environment (Steg amp; Vlek, 2009). Typically, for environmental psychologists environmentally friendly behaviors fall in the three main category of reduce, reuse, and recycle (Ones amp; Dilchert, 2012). Since several decades, a great deal of research has been undertaken for explaining individual motivations for adopting reduce, reuse or recycle behaviors in public, or private settings. Whereas current research focuses mostly on factors in private or public settings (for recent meta-analyses see Steg amp; Vlek, 2009; Osbaldiston amp; Schott, 2012), until now, little empirical work has been undertaken that specifically explores the determinants of PEBs at work. PEBs may be direct or indirect (Homburg amp; Solberg, 2006). Direct PEBs refer to carrying out concrete gestures toward the environment (e.g., recycling). Indirect PEBs refer to motivation about providing advice or encouragement to others individuals to adopt direct PEBs. Scant research has investigated how individuals contribute to protect the natural environment by encouraging others to adopt friendly environmental behaviors when they are at job. Current findings indicate that the theories (e.g., values-beliefs-norms) that provide good results in private settings, tend to generate mixed results in organizational settings. An emerging trend within the environmental literature is the assumption that social exchange relationships can help explain employees’ propensity to perform green behaviors on behalf of their organization (Paillé amp; Boiral, 2013). Social exchange refers “the voluntary actions of individuals that are motivated by the returns they are expected to bring and typically do in fact bring from others” (Blau, 1964, p. 91). From the employee standpoint, this means that they are prone to engage in pro-environmental behaviors if they perceive that their organization demonstrates at some level its engagement for initiating, developing, and maintaining favorable work conditions. Our purpose is to give some conceptual benchmarks, and to report some findings highlighting how social exchange processes contribute to the greening of organizations when employers encourage employees to engage in indirect PEBs./p\npKey words: pro-environmental behaviors, social exchange, work settings./p\npReferences/p\npBlau, P. (1964). Exchange and Power in Social Life. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, Inc./p\npHomburg, A. amp; Stolberg, A. (2006). Explaining pro-environmental behavior with a cognitive theory of stress. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 26, 1, 1–14./p\npOsbaldiston, R. amp; Schott, J. (2012). Environmental Sustainability and Behavioral Science: Meta-Analysis of Proenvironmental Behavior Experiments. Environment and Behavior, 44(2): 257–299./p\npOnes, D. amp; Dilchert, S. (2012a). Employee green behaviors. In S. E. Jackson, D.S. Ones, amp; S., Dilchert (Éds.), Managing Human Resource for environmental sustainability (pp. 85-116). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass./p\npPaillé P. amp; Boiral O. (2013). Pro-environmental behavior at work: construct validity and determinants. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 36, 118-128./p\npSteg, L. amp; Vlek, C. (2009). Encouraging pro-environmental behaviour: An integrative review and research agenda. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 29, 309–317./p\npIndividual Paper Title #3/p\npPersonal Projects Analysis of Older Residents in Turkey/p\npSusana Alves, Department of Architecture, Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey/p\npe-mail: susana.alves@okan.edu.tr/p\npHuman flourishing and well-being are transactional processes influenced by features of persons and places. One way to study the conjoint effects of persons and places is to report to “personal projects”. Personal

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