Terrestrial snails as indicators of the health of the decomposer part of the ecosystem in Parks in Alberta
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Land snails are a part of the decomposer group of organisms in the upper part of the soil which is normally ignored when considering Parks management.The land snails consist of a relatively small number of species that entered the area after the last glaciation, following the northward migration of the boreal forest, and also a second even rarer group of species that entered the area during the Hypsithermal event.Ecologically, the snails can be divided into four groups, viz., the turf species, the duff species, the wetland species and the generalists.They can only survive along the galleria forest along the main rivers, and in areas with trees or tall grass prairie up to about 1900 m elevation.Frequent ground fires largely destroy the terrestrial molluscan fauna in the grassland sites.Duff faunas are less affected.During revegetation, generalists may invade the area together with the duff specialists that will become dominant after a suitable organic layer has become established on the forest floor.Wetland species often survive fire.Other major threats are destruction of habitat, introduction of nonnative vegetation, development of recreational parks, urban and resource development and agriculture. Introduction.An ecosystem is a balanced group of plants and animals making up the biota in a given microenvironment and interacting with the abiotic features of that microenvironment (Tansley, 1935).Many members of the biota produce organic matter that falls to the ground, thus providing sustenance for other members that specialize in decomposing it.This decomposition goes on in the upper layers of the soil that is referred to as the litter (L), fermentation layer (F) and humus (H) at the surface of the mineral soil in Canada (NRRC, 1998).The decomposers consist of a large number of small plants and animals, and one of the minor groups is the terrestrial snails.Most of the decomposers can only be studied by rather laborious methods, whereas the snails are rather easier to work with, and involve a reasonable number of taxa.The Parks in Alberta include those termed "natural areas" where the area is supposed to be maintained in its natural state.Inevitably, there is also a need for recreation for people, and conflicts arise in which the natural area tends to lose out.Furthermore, even in National Parks, more attention is paid to the well-being of the more obvious species such as elk, bears, caribou, trees, fish, etc., than the health of the smaller, inconspicuous species including the decomposers, which are commonly ignored.This can have the effect of extirpating species and upsetting the balance in the ecosystem.This paper will examine effects of some common management practices on the terrestrial snails, which are also a good indicator of what may be happening to the other decomposer species.
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|---|---|---|
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