The Antiseptic Trio: Pasteur, Lister and Stewart - Their Legacy for Our Times
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Even with the advances in modern medicine and pharmaceuticals, infectious disease continues to present challenges in this age of HIV/AIDS, public fears of pandemics and resistant strains of microbes.The front line of defence against infectious disease remains rooted in the principles laid down by three pioneers of antisepsis who form a kind of international "antiseptic trio" -Louis Pasteur from France, Joseph Lister from the United Kingdom and John Stewart from Canada.This paper explores the advances made by these men and how their lives intersect.Many would agree that Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) who was first a chemist, not a physician -laid down the first principles of the struggle against infectious disease.But it was an equally brilliant English surgeon, Joseph Lister (1827-1912), who recognized that Pasteur's work could save lives lost to even the most minor surgical procedures.Lister, in his search for a solution, examined Pasteur's findings and deduced that Pasteur was indeed correct; microbes did cause disease and death in humans and were transmitted via the air, hands or instruments to wounds and organs by surgery.A Glasgow newspaper report that the sewer workers of the city stifled the stench of the sewers in the summer by using carbolic acid (phenol) led Lister to use dilute carbolic acid to paint wounds and, later, using a machine of his design to "fog" the operating theatre (and everyone in it) with the chemical.Arriving in Edinburgh from Dalhousie Medical School in 1874 to complete his medical studies, John Stewart, son of an itinerant missionary in Cape Breton, met the thenfamous surgeon Lister.Drawn together by their work ethic, religious convictions and intense dedication to the principles of antisepsis, they became the closest of friends until Lister's death in 1912.When Lister moved to London to take up the "antiseptic cause," he invited John Stewart to go with him.After two years, Dr. Stewart made the most difficult decision to return to his native Nova Scotia where his father had become quite ill.On his departure, the great surgeon gave Stewart a farewell gift, one of his first "carbolic foggers" which now resides proudly in Dalhousie's Faculty of Medicine.John Stewart carried the "gospel" of antisepsis to Canada and in 1919 became the Dean of Dalhousie's Faculty of Medicine.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».