Historical changes in Cow Bay Beach, Halifax County, Nova Scotia
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
From the early 1900s to the 1950s, Cow Bay Beach, also known as Silver Sands Beach, was one of the largest and most popular recreational beaches near Halifax. As many as 5000 people would use the beach on a hot summer Sunday. Recreational facilities included canteens, picnic sites, a merry-go -round and a dance hall. Only minor physical changes in the beach were observed during that period. By 1956, a commercial operation began extracting sediment from the beach for construction of the new airstrip at the nearby Shearwater airbase and for other structures in the Halifax area. Trees were cut down. Power shovels and drag cranes worked along the shore, from west to east, to remove a total of nearly 2 million tons of sediment during the 1950s and 1960s. The resulting collapse of the western beach and expansion of the inlet allowed for the transfer of large volumes of nearshore sediment into Cow Bay Lake. This lasted until at least 1974, when the inlet was nearly closed off again. Sediment excavation was stopped by the courts in 1971. Since the 1950s the 200 metre (m) wide beach with its multiple beach ridges covered by trees has switched to a very low, single beach ridge less than 28 m wide. The seaward edge of the beach has migrated landward from 96 m to just over 200 m in fifty years. ln the process, the foundation of a dancehall, once at the back of the beach, is now seaward of it. After the excavations, the fragile beach began slowly rebuilding until the late1980s. However, it was unable to withstand the impacts of storms during the mid-1990s and so it began migrating rapidly landward. By 2003, waves from Hurricane Juan had cut two channels through the beach, subdividing it into three parts. Since 2005, the landward migration of the central section of beach has accelerated and will continue to do so unless the beach is flattened and submerged below high tide level by storms. If not, it will migrate and build against Moses Island, in Cow Bay Lake. Cow Bay Beach is a striking example of the long-term impacts caused by sand and gravel removal from Nova Scotian beaches, during the post-World War Il construction boom. Beaches are the product of sediment accumulation over 100s and possibly 1000s of years. Sediment supply is therefore limited. Cow Bay Beach is also a reminder of the constant clash between individual property owners rights, and the struggle to protect provincial shorelines for long term public benefits.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,004 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,006 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».