Simulation and Modeling of Pressure Difference on Steam Chamber and Production Performance
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) is the most effective thermal recovery method to exploit oil sand. The driving force of gravity is generally acknowledged as the most significant driving mechanism in SAGD process. However, an increasing number of field cases have proven that pressure difference may even play an important role in some cases. Therefore, the objectives of this paper are to simulate the effects of injector-producer pressure difference on steam chamber evolution and SAGD production performance. A series of 2D numerical simulations are conducted on the basis of MacKay River and Dover reservoir in West Canada to investigate the influence of pressure difference. Meanwhile, the effects of pressure difference on oil production rate, stable production time, steam chamber development were studied in detail. Moreover, by combining Darcy's law and heat conduction along with a mass balance in the reservoir, a modified mathematical model considering the effects of pressure difference is established to predict the SAGD production performance. Finally, the proposed model is validated by comparing calculated cumulative oil production and oil production rate with the simulation results. The results indicate that the oil production first increases rapidly and then slows down when a certain pressure difference is reached. The impacts of pressure difference are much greater at steam chamber rising stage than at steam chamber expansion stage. Therefore, in the field, at the beginning of the SAGD recovery, it is better to augment pressure difference, while at the steam expansion stage, a lower pressure difference is preferred, so that a smaller chance of steam breakthrough and a higher economic benefit will be achieved. Besides, it is found that steam chamber expansion angle is a function of pressure difference. Based on this phenomenon, a new mathematical model is established considering the modification of the expansion angle which Butler treated it as a constant. With the proposed model, production performance, such as cumulative oil production and oil production rate can be predicted. Steam chamber shape is redefined at the rising stage and it changes from fan-shape to hexagonal-shape, but not the single fan-shape defined by Butler. This shape-redefinition can clearly explain why the greatest oil production rate does not happen when steam chamber reaches the cap-rock. Literature surveys show few studies on how pressure difference influences steam chamber development and SAGD recovery. This paper provides a modified SAGD production model and also a totally new scope for SAGD EOR, which makes the pressure difference a new optimizable factor in field.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».