An Investigation on Micro-Trenching Technology for FTTH Deployment
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The immense demand for Internet-based information sharing, entertainment, and communication services has dramatically augmented, and the existing copper network cannot meet this unprecedented bandwidth need. Upgrading copper-based networks to high capacity fiber optic (FO) networks involves high costs for deployment and has a negative impact on the existing infrastructures, surrounding environment, and nearby communities. Compared to other traditional methods, micro-trenching technology (MTT) in urban areas can facilitate a quick, easy, cheap, and low impact fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) deployment alternative. Communication providers (CPs) know MTT’s potential, and they have completed several MTT projects in different countries. However, since MTT does not yet have any accepted construction standard, a poor quality installation is likely to be damaged or to damage the pavement. Severe weather conditions (e.g., freeze and thaw cycles) may cause further damages. Additionally, changes in weather conditions may yield significantly different backfilling performances. Therefore, before organizing a large-scale project, MTT needs to be evaluated in those conditions in order to ensure the durability of installations while maintaining the pavement’s integrity, longevity, and aesthetic view. To evaluate the performances of MTT in northern climates, two pilot installations using vertical inlaid fiber (VIF) technology and surface micro cabling inlay (SMCI) technology were installed in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada and monitored for over two years using optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR), ground penetrating radar (GPR) technology, and visual inspections. The OTDR results showed that the span losses were in allowable limit despite of sharp bends and traffic and weather distresses in the shallow-depth installations. The GPR and visual monitoring results from both installations showed significant vertical movements of conduit/cable and premature failures of backfilling materials, and a comparison of these installations concluded large differences in movements and failures because of their discrete construction and material specifications. To improve the backfilling and overall performance of MTT, this study proposes a modified backfilling by stabilizing the conduit with a quick-setting and non-shrink grout in the base layer, while avoiding any damages that may occur during the road reconstruction and rehabilitation operations. Setting time, conduit coverage, flowability, and compressive strength tests were conducted in the laboratory to achieve conduit stabilization. All grouts had acceptable material properties, but only one was the most cost-effective. Considering the micro-trenching applications at freezing temperatures, the conducted modified compression test results showed that after full curing, the compressive strength of the grout was significantly reduced. In the proposed backfilling, it is suggested that a cold mix asphalt (CMA) to be applied on top of the grout in the asphalt layer of the pavement. The CMA-1 (CMA) used in the VIF installation had premature failures, for instance, ravelling, cracking, edge disintegration, and settlement. In addition to the CMA-1, 11 other widely used CMAs, including proprietary and conventional mixes, were collected to test in the laboratory. By following sound construction techniques for the backfilling of micro-trenches, a high quality CMA, may provide not only good workability but also sufficient durability. The results of modified Marshall Stability and flow, indirect tensile strength, cohesion, and adhesiveness tests illustrated a high variation in material properties. Among 12 mixes, some of the CMAs would be good for patching and a few of them would be good for backfilling the MTT.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».