Quantification of Gas Exsolution and Mass Transfer of Foamy Oil in Bulk Phase under Solution Gas Drive Conditions
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract The in-situ formation of foamy oil has been found to be a crucial mechanism accounting for the better-than-expected production performance in heavy oil reservoirs under solution gas drive. To date, the physical laws dominating gas exsolution in foamy oil have not yet been well understood, while the generation of foamy oil is essentially arose from such an extremely complicated dynamic process. In this study, a novel and pragmatic technique has been proposed and validated to quantify the gas exsolution in bulk foamy oil under solution gas drive conditions by taking into account the gas bubble size distribution and the preferential mass transfer of each gas component. Experimentally, constant-composition expansion (CCE) tests with various constant-pressure decline rates are utilized to describe the gas exsolution behaviour of alkane solvent(s)-CO2-heavy oil systems under nonequilibrium conditions, during which not only pressure and volume are simultaneously monitored and measured, but also gas samples were respectively collected at the beginning and the end of experiments to perform compositional analysis. Theoretically, a mathematical model has been formulated to quantify gas exsolution process and the preferential mass transfer between of each gas component and liquid phase in alkane solvent(s)-CO2-heavy oil systems under nonequilibrium conditions. More specifically, quasi-equilibrium boundary conditions, real gas equation and Rayleigh distribution function are combined with classical equation of motion, continuity equation, and mass transfer equation to form a novel equation matrix for quantifying gas bubble growth in foamy oil. With consideration of gas bubble size distribution and preferential diffusion of each component in a gas mixture, the total number of gas bubbles and individual diffusion coefficient of each gas component are determined by minimizing the deviation between the measured volume of alkane solvent(s)-CO2-heavy oil systems and the calculated one. More importantly, the dynamic composition of gas phase and the amounts of both entrained gas and evolved gas also can be obtained simultaneously during the gas exsolution processes. Excellent agreements between the experimentally measured parameters (i.e., volume of foamy oil, composition of evolved gas, and volume of free gas) and the calculated ones have been respectively achieved. Compared with the individual diffusion coefficient for each component in a gas mixture determined under the traditional conditions, a relatively large value has been found during mass transfer processes in a supersaturated oleic phase. Also, pseudo-bubblepoint pressure and rate of gas exsolution is found to be two mechanisms dominating the volume-growth rate of the evolved gas.
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Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».