The Path to Parenthood isn’t Always Straight: A Qualitative Exploration of the Experiences of Gestational Surrogacy for Gay Men in Canada – Perspectives of Gay Fathers and Surrogates
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Background: Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) have facilitated novel family structures and, in turn, have yielded new opportunities to parent for gay men. Recently, Canada has witnessed an increased number of same-sex parent families and a growth of gay father-headed households. ARTs continue to be only ascribed as biomedical interventions to resolve infertility. With the progress of ARTs and the increasing prevalence of gay fathers, the aim of this dissertation is to explore gestational surrogacy for gay men in Canada. Methods: From January 2015 to January 2016, gay fathers (n=16) and gestational surrogates (n= 6) were recruited through advertisements distributed across same-sex parenting groups, surrogacy consulting services and social media. Using non-probability purposive sampling, three populations were targeted: (1) single or partnered gay fathers who completed gestational surrogacy; (2) gestational surrogates who bore a child for gay men; and (3) gay fathers and their paired surrogate. All participants had to be living in Canada at the time surrogacy was practiced. In-depth semi-structured interviews (~60-90 min) were conducted either in-person or over the phone; informed consent was reviewed and obtained prior to the interview. Textual analysis was conducted by the researcher; emerging patterns were organized from the data manually to generate findings. Triangulation, member-checking and peer-debriefing supported validity. Results: The three empirically-based chapters will report on: (1) the motivations of gay intended fathers and gestational surrogates to pursue surrogacy; (2) the interpersonal relationships between gay intended fathers and gestational surrogates before, during and post pregnancy; and (3) institutional supports and barriers encountered during surrogacy and post-birth, with respect to both the practice of surrogacy and gay fatherhood. Implications: This dissertation has implications for social work practice, research and education, as well as policy, law and bioethics. The aim of this dissertation is to advance an understanding of non-normative families, resisting and challenging heteronormative discourses that have framed parenting and reproduction practice and scholarship. Encouraging dialogues with stakeholders, such as surrogates, intended parents, lawyers, fertility specialists and allied health professionals, is critical.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».