Flow Characteristics in Small Northern Streams and Nature-like Fishpasses
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Increasingly, human activities for the societal development and quality of life can alter, disrupt or destroy aquatic habitat with varying degrees. The rising awareness and concern regarding such type of human activities on stream and riverine ecosystem have resulted in a movement towards habitat compensation to achieve no net loss in productive capacity of fish habitat. As part of a fish habitat compensation project, this thesis investigated detailed flow characteristics in small northern streams and in rock-ramp type nature-like fishpasses through field, laboratory, and numerical studies. The principal motivation for this study is to advance our understanding of flow characteristics in a rock-ramp fishpass to retrofit small streams for fish habitat connectivity and compensation. First, the flow characteristics of a headwater stream as a fish migration corridor and the hydraulic characteristics of several headwater streams in the Northwest Territories of Canada were investigated. The analysis of stream hydrological or hydraulic flow characteristics demonstrated that some sections of the study stream for certain durations of the study period appeared to naturally provide suitable habitat for select stages of YOY (young-of-the-year) Arctic grayling, while other sections would require certain modifications and additional outlet flow arrangements. The study of hydraulic characteristics explored the nature of at-a-station hydraulic geometry and flow resistance in an unstudied geographic region of the Northwest Territories of Canada for the future habitat assessment and predictions. Next, detailed mean and turbulence flow characteristics generated by a staggered arrangement of boulders in a rock-ramp nature-like fishpass were investigated experimentally. The results showed that this type of fishpass can produce adequate water depth and favorable flow velocity, turbulent intensity, and turbulent kinetic energy for suitable fish passage. Some general correlations were developed for predicting the mean and turbulence flow parameters in a rock-ramp fishpass as a function of normalized discharge and streamwise distance. Moreover, a flow resistance analysis based on basic concepts for wake-interference flow regime in this fishpass has resulted in a general equation for the average velocity. Finally, a three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solver was used to investigate the flow characteristics in a rock-ramp nature-like fishpass under different flow conditions and geometric variables. The model was validated with experimental data and a good agreement was achieved. The findings emanating from this numerical study optimized the design of rock-ramp fishpasses.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».