Growth performance and pathological lesions in brolier chickens fed raw or processed karanj (Pongalnia glabra) cake as protein supplement
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Day-old commercial broiler chicks (520) were vaccinated against Marek's disease and distributed equally into 13 groups of 40 chicks each to study the effect of dietary inclusion of karna) (Ponganlia glabra) cake in broiler chickens. Each group was further replicated to 4 of 10 chicks each. A basal reference diet was formulated containing soybean meal (SBM) as the nlajor protein source. Another 12 isonitrogenous and isocaloric test diets 'were fonnulated by incorporating solvent extracted karan} cake (SKC), 1.5% NaOH treated SKC, 3.0% Ca (OHh treated SKC and 2% NaOH treated expeller pressed karanj cake (EKC) at 6.43, 12.86 or 25.72% to replace SBM nitrogen of reference diet at either 12.5,25 or 50%, respectively. Each diet was offered, ad lib. to 4 replicates of 10 chicks each. The raw SKC and EKC contained 0.132 and 0.324% karanjin, respectively. Treatment of SKC with either 1.5% NaOH or 3.0% Ca (OH)2 and EKC with 2% NaOH reduced the karanjin content to 0.062, 0.082 and 0.1630/0 respectively. Dietary incorporation of 1.5% NaOH-treated SKC could maintain the growth up to 4 weeks of age. However, growth depression was noticed in the same diet, subsequently. In the present study, in general no gross pathological lesions were observed due to dietary incorporation of SKC, NaOH treated SKC or Ca(OHh treated SKC by replacing soybean meal nitrogen at either 12.5 or 25% level. However, incorporation of NaOH treated EKC even at 25% level showed its adverse effect on liver. Dietary incorporation of either processed or unprocessed karanj cake beyond 25% level except NaOH treated SKC (50% replacement) resulted in histopathological abnormalities and the severity increased with increase in level of replacement. The severity of lesions was comparatively higher in the group fed diet incorporated with 25.72% NaOH (2%) treated EKC incorporated diet. Liver showed hepatic degeneration with distortion, kidney revealed tubular degeneration with necrotic lesions, spleen cells showed degeneration with necrotic foci and depletion of lymphocytes and testis revealed degenerative changes of testicular follicles and vaculation in 25.729fJ NaOH (2%) treated EKC incorporated diet. Feeding of SKC after treatment with either NaOH or Ca(OH)2 was beneficial instead of feeding SKC as such, since it inflicted more sever histopathological lesions in the vital organs of broiler chickens as compared to treated one. Replacement of SKC at 50% level with nitrogen of SBM resulted in pathological changes such as kidney showed mild tubular degeneration, spleen showed necrotic foci and lymphoid cell degeneration and bursa revealed severe depletion of lymphocytes with follicular atrophy. TreatInent with 1.5% NaOH effectively minimized the toxic effects of karanjin.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».