Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The global market is incredibly interconnected and interdependent.However, massive inequalities in wealth and poverty exist throughout, with the richest 1% gaining 82% of the wealth produced last year, while the poorest 3.7 billion people saw absolutely no wealth increase (Ratcliff, 2018).Fair Trade attempts to address these global issues by increasing demand for "ethical" goods.Fair Trade has become a global endeavour involving over 70 countries.Allowing 1.66 million farmers with global sales to reach 7.88 Billion Euros and in 2015, 138 million Euros were paid in social premiums (an additional payment to producers to use for social goals) (Fairtrade.2018).Despite this, the FLO admits its payments do not meet a living wage (Fairtrade Canada, 2018).This begs the question: is it possible to create a fairer and more just global system through fair trade certification?Or, is Fair Trade fair?Firstly, what is justice or fairness?Justice is born from relations of communities, concerned with giving people what they deserve (Amartya Sen 2009), based on a platform of fairness.Fairness is a necessary component of justice, it's an equitable structure which justice can be measured (Rawls, 1990;Isbister, 2001).In moral obligation groups, there are principals in attaining justice, equality, freedom and efficiency (Isbister, 2001).Justice is not merely contractual (Wein, 1987), but requires a structure of fairness to measure justice.Fairness requires cooperation and trust.The market derives from social life (Polanyi, 1944, Wood, 1999).Today's global market is defined by economic globalization and neoliberalism, which perceives the market as an amoral ideological mechanism.Although people are not amoral, the market being from social life, has normative repercussions.Fair Trade exists within market forces, which attempts to address global inequalities.However, fair Trade does not adequately provide a structure of fairness, therefore cannot provide justice. May 1, 2018Chapter 1 What is Justice?Justice is concerned with people getting what they deserve.It is a dynamic between a judge and the judged, and therefore is relational.It is also therefore subjective.It is not simply the fulfillment of a rule because that doesn't focus on giving one what is deserved.In this way justice is also different from charity because charity is not related to what is deserved.Justice is not simply an act done to or a people group someone to bring about some kind of action, but is also something that is deserved by a person or a group.Once again, justice is relational and concerned with what people deserve.Amartya Sens (2009) idea of justice is a critique of "transcendental institutionalism" and argument for a "realization focused comparison".Transcendental institutionalism is trying to find the perfect rules to bring about perfect justice.Sen criticizes this by telling the story of three kids and a flute.The story goes that there are three kids.Anne, Bob and Clara, each who are arguing over who deserves a flute, of which there is only one.Anne explains that she is the only one who knows how to play the flute, therefor she should be the one to get the flute.Bob explains that because he has no toys at all, and both Anne and Clara have lots of toys, that he should be the one to get the flute.Clara argues that because she was the one who made the flute she should be the one to keep it.Sen (2009) Uses this story to emphasize that one could argue impartially for each one to be given the flute.The point put forward is an argument for "realization focused comparison" (Amartya Sen, 2009).The essence is that justice is relational.It is determined by the group.It is not
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,022 | 0,064 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,010 | 0,033 |
| Communication savante | 0,024 | 0,023 |
| Science ouverte | 0,002 | 0,007 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,013 | 0,012 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,032 | 0,006 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».